长杆弹撞击陶瓷靶的一种数值模拟方法

伍一顺; 陈小伟

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2019-0291

长杆弹撞击陶瓷靶的一种数值模拟方法

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0291

伍一顺^1,,
陈小伟^{1, 2, ,}

1.
北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室，北京 100081
2.
北京理工大学前沿交叉科学研究院，北京 100081

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11627901，11872118）

详细信息

作者简介:
伍一顺（1996－　），男，硕士研究生，610576167@qq.com

通讯作者:
陈小伟（1967－　），男，博士，教授，chenxiaoweintu@bit.edu.cn

中图分类号: O347
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- 文章访问数: 6177
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-07-23
- 修回日期: 2019-11-21
- 刊出日期: 2020-05-01

A numerical simulation method for long rods penetrating into ceramic targets

WU Yishun^1
,,
CHEN Xiaowei^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2.
Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

摘要

摘要: 陶瓷材料具有高强度和低密度等特点，抗弹性能优越，被广泛用于各类装甲中。长杆弹撞击陶瓷靶时会发生径向流动、质量显著侵蚀而无明显侵彻的界面击溃现象，是陶瓷抗侵彻性能研究中具有重要研究价值的特殊现象。利用有限元软件AUTODYN建立了长杆弹撞击陶瓷靶的二维轴对称计算模型，采用Lagrange和光滑粒子流体动力学（smooth particle hydrodynamics, SPH）算法，模拟了柱形钨合金长杆弹撞击带盖板的碳化硅陶瓷，通过改变长杆弹的撞击速度，得到了界面击溃、驻留转侵彻和直接侵彻3个不同现象。讨论了不同建模算法、边界条件以及材料参数对模拟结果的影响。通过网格收敛性验证和与实验结果进行拟合，综合验证了计算模型中算法、边界条件和参数设定的可靠性。结果表明，在建模中若同时使用SPH算法和Lagrange算法，需要考虑粒子和网格大小对于模拟结果的影响。针对长杆弹撞击陶瓷靶的界面击溃模拟，不建议对陶瓷材料采用SPH粒子建模。相关建模和参数选择方法对后续陶瓷抗侵彻/界面击溃的数值模拟具有重要的指导意义。
- 陶瓷装甲 /
- 界面击溃 /
- 驻留转侵彻 /
- SPH算法
Abstract: Ceramics are widely used in armors because of high strength, low density and excellent ballistic performance. When long rods impact the ceramics, the long rods will flow radially along the ceramic surfaces without significant penetration. The special phenomenon is called interface defeat which has important practice application in the anti-penetration performance. For the long rods impacting the ceramic targets, a two-dimensional axisymmetric numerical model in which both the Lagrange method and smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method are used, is established by using the software AUTODYN. The established model is applied to simulate the penetration of the long rod into the silicon carbide ceramic with a cover plate. By changing the impact velocity of the long rod, three different phenomena are obtained including interface defeat, dwell to penetration and direct penetration. Through the verification of mesh convergence and the comparison of the numerical results to the experimental results, the reliability of the algorithm, boundary conditions and parameter settings in the numerical model is comprehensively verified. The simulated results show that if the SPH and Lagrange methods are used at the same time, the influences of particle and mesh sizes need to be considered. It is not recommended to use the SPH method for simulating the interface defeat of the ceramic targets. The methods of the modeling and parameter selections are helpful for the subsequent simulations on ceramic anti-penetration and interface defeat.
- ceramic armor /
- interface defeat /
- dwell to penetration /
- SPH method

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图 1 实验装置和简化计算模型(单位为mm)

Figure 1. The experimental device and the simplified calculation model (unit in mm)

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图 2 JH-1模型中应力、应变和压力的关系^[23]

Figure 2. The relations of stress and strain to pressure in the JH-1 model^[23]

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图 3 边界条件设置

Figure 3. Boundary condition settings

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图 4 盖板模拟的两种方案对应的模拟结果

Figure 4. Simulation results by two different schemes for cover plug modelling

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图 5 陶瓷靶板采用不同算法建模计算结果

Figure 5. Simulation results of ceramic damage using different algorithm modelling

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图 6 长杆侵彻陶瓷靶模拟图和弹头放大图

Figure 6. Simulated penetration of a long rod into a ceramic target as well as the magnified view of the projectile nose

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图 7 算例1～3模拟结果图及相关实验结果

Figure 7. Simulation results in Cases 1−3 and related experimental result

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图 8 采用修正J-C失效模型的模拟结果和弹头放大图

Figure 8. Simulation result using the J-C modified model and the magnified view of the projectile nose

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图 9 不同撞击速度下在SiC靶中的侵彻深度

Figure 9. Depth of penetration (DOP) into SiC targetsat different impact velocities

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图 10 界面击溃模拟结果

Figure 10. Simulated interface defeat

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图 11 驻留转侵彻模拟结果

Figure 11. Simulated transition from dwell to penetration

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图 12 直接侵彻模拟结果

Figure 12. Simulated direct penetration

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表 1 碳化硅的材料参数^[23]

Table 1. Material parameters for SiC^[23]

ρ₀/(g·cm⁻³)	K₁/GPa	K₂/GPa	T₁/GPa	G/GPa	σ_HEL/GPa	σ₁/GPa	p₁/GPa	σ₂/GPa
3.215	220	361	220	193	11.7	7.1	2.5	12.2

p₂/GPa	C	${\sigma _{{\rm{f}},{\rm{max}}}}$ /GPa	α	σ_t/GPa	${\sigma _{{\rm{f}},{\rm{max}}}}$	p₃/GPa	β
10	0.009	1.30	0.4	-0.75	0.6	99.75	1

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表 2 钨合金和4340钢的材料参数^{[22, 26]}

Table 2. Material parameters for tungsten alloy and 4340 steel^{[22, 26]}

材料	ρ₀/(g·cm⁻³)	状态方程	K/GPa	γ	c₀/(km·s⁻¹)	s
钨合金	17.600	Shock	285	1.540	4.029	1.237
4340钢	7.830	Linear	159

材料	T₀/K	c_p/(J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹)	强度模型	G/GPa	A/GPa	B/GPa
钨合金	300	134	J-C模型	160	1.506	0.177
4340钢	300	477	J-C模型	77	0.792	0.510

材料	n	Z	m	T_m/K	${\dot \varepsilon _0}$ /s⁻¹
钨合金	0.120	0.016	1.000	1.723×10³	1.000
4340钢	0.260	0.014	1.030	1.793×10³	1.000

材料	失效模型	D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
钨合金	J-C	0.160	3.130	−2.040	0.007	0.370
4340钢	J-C	0.050	3.440	−2.120	0.003	0.610

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表 3 MAR350钢的材料参数^[20]

Table 3. Material parameters for MAR350 steel^[20]

ρ₀/(g·cm⁻³)	K/GPa	G/GPa	σ_y/GPa	ε_f
8.08	140	77	2.6	0.4

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表 4 网格收敛性模拟结果

Table 4. Simulation results of mesh convergence

粒子大小/mm	网格收敛性
粒子大小/mm	网格与粒子尺寸之比为0.5	网格与粒子尺寸之比为1	网格与粒子尺寸之比为2
0.125	驻留转侵彻	驻留转侵彻	始终保持界面击溃
0.100	无界面击溃	驻留转侵彻	始终保持界面击溃
0.050	无界面击溃	驻留转侵彻	始终保持界面击溃

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表 5 J-C失效模型参数^[26-27]

Table 5. Damage parameters in the J-C models^[26-27]

失效模型	D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
J-C失效(Lee)	0	0.33	−1.50	0	0
J-C失效(修正)	0.16	3.13	−2.04	0.007	0.370

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