B炸药慢速烤燃过程的流变特性

周捷; 智小琦; 王帅; 郝春杰

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2019-0321

B炸药慢速烤燃过程的流变特性

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0321

周捷^1,,
智小琦^1, ,,
王帅¹,
郝春杰²

1.
中北大学机电工程学院，山西太原 030051
2.
晋西工业集团有限责任公司，山西太原 030051

详细信息

作者简介:
周　捷（1995－　），男，硕士研究生，zhoujiepla@foxmail.com

通讯作者:
智小琦（1963－　），女，博士，教授，zxq4060@sina.com

中图分类号: O381; TJ55
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-08-22
- 修回日期: 2019-10-10
- 刊出日期: 2020-05-01

Rheological properties of Composition B in slow cook-off process

1.
School of Electromechanic Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi, China
2.
Jinxi Industrial Group Co. Ltd., Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 为进一步探究熔铸炸药在烤燃过程中内部各物理场的变化情况，以B炸药为研究对象，完整地建立了基于Bingham流体模型的B炸药黏度计算模型并应用于慢速烤燃的数值模拟。通过数值模拟得到了B炸药在整个升温过程中上中下3个内部测点处的温度变化曲线并以烤燃试验加以验证，观察了弹体内部温度场与对流场的变化特点。结果表明：升温速率为1 ℃/min时，B炸药相变后逐渐开始流动，内部的温度场分布也随之改变，炸药出现自热反应与最终响应的区域都在弹体上部；升温速率为0.055 ℃/min时，炸药相变后内部很长时间内仍表现出类固相温度场的分布特点，当炸药出现自热反应后，才逐渐开始流动，温度场也逐渐转变为典型的液相温度场，炸药最终响应点在弹体上部，但最早出现自热反应的区域在弹体中心。
- 慢速烤燃试验 /
- B炸药 /
- 黏度 /
- Bingham流体 /
- 响应
Abstract: In order to investigate the changes of the internal physical fields of melt-castable explosives in cook-off, Composition B was chosen as the object. A complete viscosity model of Composition B based on the Bingham flow model was first established, and then applied in the numerical simulations of slow cook-off. In this way, the temperature curves of three inner measuring pointsthat located in the upper, middle and lower respectively were obtained and further testified with cook-off experimental measurements. Moreover, the variation of the inner temperature field in the whole process was observed as well. The results showed that when the heating rate was 1 ℃/min, the viscosity flow of Composition B appeared soon after the phase change, and the inner temperature field changed with that. The self-heating and ignition occurred in the upside area of the shell. But when the heating rate was 0.055 ℃/min, the inner temperature field was still like a solid phase after the phase change was completely done for a long time, and the viscosity flow appeared after the self-heating started, the inner temperature field gradually began to change like a liquid phase just at that time. The ignition area was in the upside of the shell too, but the self-heating area was in the middle of the shell. The contradictory points of view in previous studies can be preliminarily explained by this model.
- slow cook-off test /
- melt-castable explosives /
- viscosity /
- Bingham fluid /
- responses

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图 1 数值模拟模型示意图

Figure 1. A geometric model for numerical simulation

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图 2 1 ℃/min升温速率下模拟各点温度变化曲线

Figure 2. Simulated temperature curves at different points for the heating rate of 1 ℃/min

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图 3 0.055 ℃/min升温速率下模拟各点温度变化曲线

Figure 3. Simulated temperature curves at different points for the heating rate of 0.055 ℃/min

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图 4 1 ℃/min升温速率下弹体内部温度场变化过程

Figure 4. Changes of temperature field inside the projectile body at the heating rate of 1 ℃/min

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图 5 0.055 ℃/min升温速率下弹体内部温度场变化过程

Figure 5. Changes of temperature field inside the projectile body at the heating rate of 0.055 ℃/min

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图 6 流场平均速度变化曲线

Figure 6. Average velocity curve of flow field

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图 7 1 ℃/min升温速率下自热反应前后B炸药内部速度矢量

Figure 7. Velocity victors inside the Comp-B before and after self-heating at heating rate of 1 ℃/min

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图 8 0.055 ℃/min升温速率下自热反应前后B炸药内部速度矢量图

Figure 8. Velocity victors inside the Comp-B before and after self-heating at heating rate of 0.055 ℃/min

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图 9 烤燃弹与加热装置

Figure 9. Cook-off bomb and heating devices

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图 10 响应后的残骸

Figure 10. Scraps after response

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图 11 1 ℃/min升温速率下实测各点温度变化曲线

Figure 11. Measured temperature curves of different points at the heating rate of 1 ℃/min

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图 12 0.055 ℃/min升温速率下实测各点温度变化曲线

Figure 12. Measured temperature curves of different points at the heating rate of 0.055 ℃/min

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图 13 1 ℃/min升温速率下测点1的计算值与试验值比较

Figure 13. Comparisons between calculated and experimental values of point 1 at the heating rate of 1 ℃/min

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图 14 0.055 ℃/min升温速率下测点1的计算值与试验值比较

Figure 14. Comparisons between calculated and experimental values of point 1 at the heating rate of 0.055 ℃/min

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表 1 屈服应力阈值计算参数

Table 1. Parameters to calculate the yield stress threshold

φ_c	C/Pa	n
0.336	6 874	2.37

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表 2 φ_max计算参数

Table 2. Calculating parameters of φ_max

φ₀	φ_∞	Z	m
0.55	0.713	8.73	0.398

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表 3 φ计算参数

Table 3. Calculating parameters of φ

φ_a	A	B	C	D	T_m,RDX/℃
0.6	0.042 6	0.075 3	0.134	0.747 4	204

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表 4 壳体材料参数

Table 4. Material parameters for the shell

材料	密度/(kg∙m⁻³)	比热容/(J∙kg⁻¹)	导热系数/(W∙m⁻¹∙K⁻¹)
45#钢	7 850	475	15

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表 5 B炸药物性参数

Table 5. Physical parameters of Comp B

密度/(kg∙m⁻³)	比热容/(J∙kg⁻¹)	导热系数/(W∙m⁻¹∙K⁻¹)	熔化热/(kJ∙kg⁻¹)	相变起始温度T_s/℃	相变结束温度T₁/℃
$\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {1\;690}&{T {\simfont\text{≤}} {T_s}} \\ {1\;690 - 0.675\left( {T - {T_{\rm{s}}}} \right)}&{T {\simfont\text{＞}} {T_{\rm{s}}}} \end{array}$	1 126	$\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {0.17}&{T {\simfont\text{＜}} {T_{\rm{s}}}} \\ {0.17 - 0.025\left( {T - {T_{\rm{m}}}} \right)}&{{T_{\rm{s}}} {\simfont\text{≤}} T {\simfont\text{≤}} {T_{\rm{l}}}} \\ {0.15}&{T {\simfont\text{＞}} {T_{\rm{l}}}} \end{array}$	128	80	82

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表 6 B炸药化学反应动力学参数

Table 6. Chemical kinetic parameters of Comp B

活化能/(kJ∙mol⁻¹)	反应热/(J∙kg⁻¹)	指前因子
22	5.82×10⁶	2.01×10¹⁸

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