基于实测爆破振动计算岩体介质P波品质因子

杨招伟; 卢文波; 陈明; 严鹏; 胡英国; 刘美山; 吴新霞; 冷振东

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2019-0333

基于实测爆破振动计算岩体介质P波品质因子

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0333

1.
长江科学院水利部岩土力学与工程重点实验室，湖北武汉 430010
2.
武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室，湖北武汉 430072
3.
中国葛洲坝集团易普力股份有限公司，重庆 401121

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51779190，51809016）

详细信息

作者简介:
杨招伟（1992－　），男，博士，yangzw@whu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
卢文波（1968－　），男，博士，教授，博士生导师，wblu@whu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O382
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- 被引次数: 11
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-08-27
- 修回日期: 2019-11-17
- 刊出日期: 2020-06-01

Calculation of P wave quality factor of rock mass based on measured blasting vibrations

1.
Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Mechanics and Engineering of Ministry of Water Resources, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, Hubei, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
3.
China Gezhouba Grope Explosive Co. Ltd., Chongqing 401121, China

摘要

摘要: 爆破地震波传播衰减研究对爆破振动预测及安全控制有着重要的指导意义。针对爆破振动实测信号，结合P波、S波的初至识别结果，计算P波、S波在岩体中的传播速度及P波的上升时间，进一步得出岩体介质P波品质因子。结合现场实测振动数据，计算丰宁抽水蓄能电站及舟山绿色石化基地试验区域内岩体介质P波品质因子，计算结果分别为19.02和14.07。结果表明，通过实测地表爆破振动计算得到的P波品质因子远小于经验公式的计算值及一般原岩的品质因子，说明地表疏松层对爆破地震波的传播衰减有较大影响。
- 爆破试验 /
- 爆破振动 /
- 波速 /
- 上升时间 /
- 品质因子
Abstract: Studies on the attenuating characteristic of blasting seismic waves in propagating process are important in prediction and control of blasting vibration effects by engineering blasting. Field blasting tests of single-hole were conducted to study the quality factor of rock mass. The wave propagation velocities and the pulse rise times can be obtained by using the first arrival of P wave and S wave. Finally, based on the rise time method, the P wave quality factor of rock mass can be calculated. By analyzing the measured blasting vibration signals in Fengning hydropower station and Zhoushan large petrochemical industry, the average P wave quality factors in the above two regions are found to be 19.02 and 14.07, respectively. The experimental results show that the values derived by measuring blasting vibrations are far less than the values predicted by the empirical formulas and measured by the original rock mass. This results indicate that the soft covering layer has great influence on the seismic waves propagation induced by blasting.
- blast field tests /
- blasting vibration /
- propagation velocity /
- pulse rise time /
- quality factor

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图 1 爆破振动监测点布置

Figure 1. Arrangement of monitoring points of blast vibration

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图 2 上升时间计算

Figure 2. Calculation of the rise time

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图 3 爆破试验现场及仪器布置

Figure 3. Filed tests and arrangement of monitoring points

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图 4 炮孔及振动测点布置（单位：m）

Figure 4. Arrangement of testing points and blasting holes (Unit: m)

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图 5 实测典型爆破振动时程曲线

Figure 5. Measured blasting vibration velocity curves

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图 6 $\ln (xA(x))$ 与 $\ln \tau$ 线性拟合结果

Figure 6. Results of linear regression between $\ln (xA(x))$ and $\ln \tau$

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图 7 上升时间 $\tau$ 与爆心距 $x$ 线性拟合

Figure 7. Results of linear regression between $\tau$ and $x$

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图 8 单孔爆破试验现场

Figure 8. Field photographs of blasting tests

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图 9 典型测点振动曲线

Figure 9. Typical measured curves of blasting vibration velocity versus time

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图 10 $\ln (xA(x))$ 与 $\ln \tau$ 线性拟合结果

Figure 10. Results of linear regression between $\ln (xA(x))$ and $\ln \tau$

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图 11 上升时间 $\tau$ 与爆心距 $x$ 线性拟合

Figure 11. Results of linear regression between $\tau$ and $x$

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表 1 竖直钻孔爆破实验参数表

Table 1. Parameters of blasting design of the field experiment

炮孔	起爆位置	孔径/mm	孔深/cm	药卷直径/mm	装药长度/cm	堵塞长度/cm	单响药量/kg
1	上、底部	76	800	50	600	200	12.0
2	底部	76	800	50	600	200	12.0
3	中部	76	600	50	420	180	8.4
4	底部	76	600	50	420	180	8.4
5	中部	76	450	50	270	180	5.4
6	底部	76	450	50	270	180	5.4

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表 2 实测振动波形P波初至识别结果

Table 2. P wave first arrivals identification results

炮孔	P波初至震相到时/ms
炮孔	1#	2#	3#	4#	5#	6#
1	429.25	−0.38	−0.63	−0.63	−1.25	−8.25
2	897.13	467.50	467.00	467.13	466.50	459.13
3	1 531.50	1 101.88	1 101.13	1 101.13	1 100.25	1 093.25
4	1 628.75	1 199.13	1 198.38	1 198.50	1 197.00	1 190.63
5	2 583.13	2 153.50	2 153.00	2 153.13	2 153.13	2 145.00
6	3 053.00	2 623.25	2 622.63	2 622.75	2 621.13	2 614.75

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表 3 实测振动波形S波初至识别结果

Table 3. S wave first arrivals identification results

炮孔	S波初至震相到时/ms
炮孔	1#	2#	3#	4#	5#	6#
1	431.63	3.25	5.50	8.75	12.13	11.25
2	899.50	471.13	473.13	476.50	479.88	478.63
3	1 533.63	1 105.13	1 107.00	1 110.25	1 113.38	1 112.50
4	1 630.88	1 202.50	1 204.25	1 207.50	1 210.13	1 209.88
5	2 585.00	2 156.50	2 158.50	2 161.88	2 164.00	2 164.13
6	3 054.88	2 626.38	2 628.25	2 631.63	2 634.00	2 633.75

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表 4 各测点上升时间计算结果

Table 4. Calculating results of rise time for various monitoring points

炮孔	3#测点		4#测点		5#测点		6#测点
炮孔	$\tau$ /ms	v_max/(cm·s⁻¹)	$\tau$ /ms	v_max/(cm·s⁻¹)	$\tau$ /ms	v_max/(cm·s⁻¹)	$\tau$ /ms	v_max/(cm·s⁻¹)
2	0.55	2.51	0.59	1.30	0.83	0.75	1.18	0.23
4	0.53	2.20	0.64	1.05	0.75	0.60	1.08	0.16
6	0.80	1.24	0.64	0.58	0.79	0.34	1.09	0.09

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表 5 实测振动波形P波、S波初至识别结果

Table 5. Identification results of P and S wave first arrivals

测点	爆心距/m	初至时间/ms
测点	爆心距/m	P波	S波
6#	23.6	18.90	22.67
8#	40.0	18.70	25.11
9#	54.6	18.70	27.44
12#	160.9	18.90	44.65
13#	225.6	18.60	54.71

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表 6 各测点上升时间计算结果

Table 6. Calculating results of rise times for various monitoring points

测点	$\tau$ /ms	v_max/(cm·s⁻¹)
6#	1.54	7.18
8#	1.65	2.63
9#	1.70	1.32
12#	2.61	0.30
13#	2.50	0.19

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