爆炸波在非饱和钙质砂中的传播规律

赵章泳; 王明洋; 邱艳宇; 紫民; 邢化岛

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2019-0389

爆炸波在非饱和钙质砂中的传播规律

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0389

赵章泳^{1, 2,},
王明洋^{2, 3},
邱艳宇^{2, 3, ,},
紫民⁴,
邢化岛³

1.
96911部队，北京 100010
2.
陆军工程大学爆炸冲击防灾减灾国家重点实验室，江苏南京 210007
3.
南京理工大学机械工程学院，江苏南京 210094
4.
海军91058部队，海南三亚 572000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51808552）

详细信息

作者简介:
赵章泳（1992－　），男，博士，zhaozhangyong1@126.com

通讯作者:
邱艳宇（1978－　），女，博士，副教授，qiuyanyu78@sina.com

中图分类号: O382
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- 被引次数: 3
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-10-16
- 修回日期: 2020-06-21
- 网络出版日期: 2020-07-25
- 刊出日期: 2020-08-01

The propagation laws of blast wave in unsaturated calcareous sand

ZHAO Zhangyong^{1, 2
,},
WANG Mingyang^{2, 3},
QIU Yanyu^{2, 3
, ,},
ZI Min⁴,
XING Huadao³

1.
96911 of PLA, Beijing 100010, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Explosion and Impact, The Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210007, Jiangsu, China
3.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
4.
Navy 91058 Force, Sanya 572000, Hainan, China

摘要

摘要: 以球形TNT药包作为爆源，在密实的非饱和钙质砂中进行了一系列大尺寸爆炸模型试验。主要研究在不同药包质量、埋深及砂土试样含水率条件下，密实钙质砂中爆炸波的主要基本参数随传播距离增加而变化的规律。试验结果表明爆炸波主要以弹塑性波的形式在密实钙质砂中传播，在干燥和潮湿试样中塑性纵波波速随试样初始密度的增大或含水率的降低而增大，且范围分别为250～282 m/s和302～339 m/s。集团装药情况下，非饱和钙质砂中封闭爆炸的临界比例埋深约为2.25 m/kg^1/3。在试验范围内，密实钙质砂中爆炸波的法向应力峰值及法向比冲量的衰减均服从爆炸相似律。封闭爆炸时，干燥钙质砂中爆炸波的应力衰减指数在测点比例爆心距大于或小于0.75 m/kg^1/3处分别为2.94或1.37；潮湿钙质砂中爆炸波的应力衰减指数随含水率升高而增大，其范围为1.39～1.79。法向比冲量衰减指数随试样含水率升高而减小，其范围为0.97～1.18。
- 非饱和钙质砂 /
- 含水率 /
- 球形药包 /
- 波速 /
- 升压时间 /
- 法向应力峰值 /
- 法向比冲量
Abstract: A series of large-scale explosion model tests were carried out in dense unsaturated calcareous sand using spherical TNT explosives. The propagation laws of the blast wave in dense calcareous sand were studied under various conditions, such as explosive mass, buried depth and water content of sand sample, based on analyzing the changes of major parameters of blast wave. The results show that the blast wave propagates mainly in the form of elastic-plastic wave in dense calcareous sand. Moreover, the plastic longitudinal wave velocity increases with the increase of initial density in the dry sand sample. For the wet sand sample, the plastic longitudinal wave velocity increase with the decrease of the water content. More specifically, the corresponding longitudinal wave velocity ranges from 250 to 282 m/s in the dry sand and ranges from 302 to 339 m/s in the wet sand. In the case of concentrated charge, the critical scaled buried depth of closed explosion in unsaturated calcareous sand is about 2.25 m/kg^1/3. In the test range, the attenuations of peak normal stress and specific normal impulse of the blast wave in dense calcareous sand obey the explosion similarity law. The stress attenuation coefficient of blast wave in dry calcareous sand is 2.94 or 1.37 respectively at the measured points whose scaled distances are greater than or less than 0.75 m/kg^1/3. The stress attenuation coefficient of explosion wave in wet calcareous sand increases with the increase of water content and ranges from 1.39 to 1.79. The attenuation coefficient of the specific normal impulse decreases with the increase of the sample water content, and the range is 0.97 to 1.18.
- unsaturated calcareous sand /
- water content /
- spherical explosive /
- wave speed /
- rising time /
- peak normal stress /
- specific normal impulse

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图 1 钙质砂试样级配曲线

Figure 1. Particle size distribution curve of calcareous sand

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图 2 爆炸模型试验所用容器

Figure 2. The container used in explosion experiments

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图 3 球形药包

Figure 3. Spherical explosives

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图 4 土压力传感器

Figure 4. Soil pressure sensors

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图 5 药包及传感器位置示意图

Figure 5. The schematic of the locations of explosive and sensors

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图 6 试验前后试件表面状态变化

Figure 6. Changes of sample surface state after the explosion tests

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图 7 应力时程曲线

Figure 7. Stress-time curves

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图 8 封闭爆炸试验中爆心距与到时关系

Figure 8. The relationship between blast center distance and arrival time in closed explosion

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图 9 干燥钙质砂法向应力峰值衰减的试验结果及拟合曲线

Figure 9. Experiment results and fitting curves of the peak normal stress in dry calcareous sand

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图 10 潮湿钙质砂法向应力峰值试验结果及拟合曲线

Figure 10. Experiment results and fitting curves of the peak normal stress in moist calcareous sand

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图 11 消除反射波对应力时程曲线影响的方法

Figure 11. The method for eliminating the influence of reflected wave on stress-time curve

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图 12 DCS64-1试验中各测点的比冲量时程曲线

Figure 12. Specific impulse time histories at each measuring point in DCS64-1 test

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图 13 干燥钙质砂折合比冲量试验结果及拟合曲线

Figure 13. Experiment results and fitting curves of the specific impulse in dry calcareous sand

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图 14 潮湿钙质砂折合比冲量试验结果及拟合曲线

Figure 14. Experimental results and fitting curves of the specific impulse in moist calcareous sand

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图 15 不同含水率钙质砂中的折合比冲量衰减

Figure 15. Attenuation of reduced specific impulse in calcareous sand with different moisture content

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表 1 影响砂土中爆炸波传播规律的主要参数

Table 1. Major parameters influencing the propagation of blast wave in sand

	参数名称及符号	量纲
炸药	药包质量W	[M]
	装药密度ρ_w	[ML^-3]
	单位质量炸药的化学能E_w	[L²T^-2]
	爆炸产物的膨胀指数γ	—
砂土	密度ρ₀	[ML^-3]
	塑性纵波波速c_p	[LT^-1]
	内摩擦角φ	—
试样尺寸	药包中心埋深h	[L]
试样尺寸	测点到爆心的距离R	[L]

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表 2 爆炸模型试验参数

Table 2. Designed parameters for explosion model test

试验编号	药包设计质量W/g	设计埋深h/m	设计含水率/%	设计爆心距R/m
DCS64-1	64	0.9	1	0.1，0.2，0.3，0.4，0.6，0.8，1.0
DCS64-2	64	0.3	1	0.1，0.2，0.3，0.4，0.6，0.8，1.0
DCS64-3	64	0	1	0.1，0.2，0.3，0.4，0.6，0.8，1.0
DCS216	216	0	1	0.15，0.2，0.3，0.45，0.6，0.8，1.0
DCS512	512	0	1	0.2，0.3，0.4，0.6，0.8，1.0
WCS64-1	64	0.9	10	0.15，0.2，0.3，0.4，0.6，0.8，1.0
WCS64-2	64	0.9	20	0.1，0.2，0.3，0.4，0.6，0.8，1.0
WCS64-3	64	0.9	25	0.1，0.2，0.3，0.4，0.6，0.8，1.0

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表 3 实测爆炸试验参数表

Table 3. Summary of measured parameters in explosion test

试验编号	药包质量/g	试样含水率/%	药包埋深/m	试样密度/(g·cm⁻³)
试验编号	药包质量/g	试样含水率/%	药包埋深/m	总质量除以总体积法	环刀取样法	环刀取土钻取样法
DCS64-1	63.6	0.7±0.5	0.90	1.37	1.35±0.02	−
DCS64-2	63.1	1.5±0.4	0.31	1.39	1.36±0.04	−
DCS64-3	63.3	1.9±0.5	0	1.38	1.36±0.02	−
DCS216	214.2	2.1±0.5	0	1.39	1.37±0.03	−
DCS512	510.2	2.0±0.3	0	1.38	1.37±0.02	−
WCS64-1	62.8	10.5±0.7	0.89	1.54	1.51±0.04	1.54±0.04
WCS64-2	63.3	18.9±1.5	0.92	1.59	1.55±0.07	1.58±0.06
WCS64-3	63.1	23.7±2.2	0.91	1.80	1.76±0.06	1.81±0.04

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表 4 密实钙质砂中的爆炸波波速

Table 4. The blast wave velocity in dense calcareous sand

试验编号	密度/(g·cm⁻³)	弹性纵波波速c₀/(m·s⁻¹)	R²	塑性纵波波速c_p/(m·s⁻¹)	R²
DCS64-1	1.37	359	0.998	250	0.995
DCS64-2	1.39	344	0.998	282	0.995
DCS64-3	1.38	291	0.998	265	0.997
DCS216	1.39	332	0.999	278	0.999
DCS512	1.38	339	0.999	274	0.999
WCS64-1	1.50	429	0.999	377	0.998
WCS64-2	1.59	387	0.998	315	0.996
WCS64-3	1.80	374	0.999	302	0.999

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表 5 干燥钙质砂法向应力峰值衰减规律参数值

Table 5. The parameters of attenuation law of peak normal stress in dry calcareous sand

试验编号	$K_{\sigma}$	$\mu_{\sigma}$	R²	$K_{\sigma}$	$\mu_{\sigma}$	R²
试验编号	第一段(R*≤0.75 m/kg^1/3)			第二段(R*＞0.75 m/kg^1/3)
DCS64-1	0.944	2.94	0.998	1.474	1.37	0.976
DCS64-2	0.944	2.94	0.998	1.474	1.37	0.976
DCS64-3	0.548	3.11	0.961	0.79	1.83	0.938
DCS216
DCS512

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表 6 潮湿钙质砂法向应力峰值衰减规律参数值

Table 6. The parameters for attenuation law of peak normal stress in moist calcareous sand

试验编号	$K_{\sigma}$	$\mu_{\sigma}$	R²
WCS64-1	1.805	1.39	0.965
WCS64-2	1.530	1.55	0.986
WCS64-3	2.200	1.79	0.978

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表 7 非饱和钙质砂刚壁反射因数

Table 7. The rigid reflection coefficient of unsaturated calcareous sand

试验编号	外推自由场应力峰值σ_I,_max/MPa	实测反射波应力峰值σ_R,_max/MPa	刚壁反射因数σ_R,_max/σ_I,_max
DCS64-1	0.421	0.675	1.603
DCS64-2	0.421	0.635	1.508
DCS64-3	0.149	0.219	1.473
DCS216	0.311	0.458	1.473
DCS512	0.529	0.796	1.504
WCS64-1	0.505	0.804	1.592
WCS64-2	0.368	0.451	1.225
WCS64-3	0.430	0.537	1.249

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表 8 非饱和钙质砂中折合比冲量衰减公式参数值

Table 8. The parameters of attenuation law of specific impulse in unsaturated calcareous sand

试验编号	K_I	μ_I	R²
DCS64-1	7.57	1.15	0.944
DCS64-2	5.54	1.14	0.975
DCS64-3	1.57	1.16	0.933
DCS216
DCS512
WCS64-1	5.33	1.18	0.959
WCS64-2	4.92	1.02	0.901
WCS64-3	4.65	0.97	0.946

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