炸药类型对富铁矿爆破效果影响的试验研究

杨仁树 李炜煜 杨国梁 马鑫民

杨仁树, 李炜煜, 杨国梁, 马鑫民. 炸药类型对富铁矿爆破效果影响的试验研究[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2020, 40(6): 065201. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0396
引用本文: 杨仁树, 李炜煜, 杨国梁, 马鑫民. 炸药类型对富铁矿爆破效果影响的试验研究[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2020, 40(6): 065201. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0396
YANG Renshu, LI Weiyu, YANG Guoliang, MA Xinmin. Experimental study on the blasting effects of rich-iron ore with different explosives[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2020, 40(6): 065201. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0396
Citation: YANG Renshu, LI Weiyu, YANG Guoliang, MA Xinmin. Experimental study on the blasting effects of rich-iron ore with different explosives[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2020, 40(6): 065201. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0396

炸药类型对富铁矿爆破效果影响的试验研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0396
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51774287);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0600903);高等学校学科创新引智计划(B14006)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    杨仁树(1963- ),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,yrs@cumtb.edu.cn

    通讯作者:

    李炜煜(1992- ),男,博士研究生,wylcumtb@163.com

  • 中图分类号: O382.2

Experimental study on the blasting effects of rich-iron ore with different explosives

  • 摘要: 为探究炸药类型对铁矿石爆破效果的影响,选用相同药量的3种炸药对铁矿石试样进行爆破试验。对比研究了不同炸药爆炸作用后试样表面裂纹分形维数和碎块块度分布特征,进而对试样的破坏程度和爆破效果进行了定量的对比与评价。同时,从爆炸应力波叠加、能量释放与传递角度,对爆破效果的差异进行了理论分析。研究结果表明:(1)松散装药以及混合装药均会导致爆源相同距离处爆炸应力场分布的均匀性变差;(2)炸药爆热越大、炸药铁矿石波阻抗匹配程度越高,炸药爆炸后释放的能量越大且能量传递效率越高,铁矿石破坏程度越大;(3)爆破工程中炸药选型时,应重点考虑炸药密度、爆热和爆速3个参数,选择与矿(岩)体波阻抗匹配程度高且爆热合适的炸药,使得爆破后产生的大块和小块均较少。
  • 图  1  铁矿石试样

    Figure  1.  Iron ore specimens

    图  2  TAW-3000型岩石试验机

    Figure  2.  TAW-3000 rock testing machine

    图  3  纵波波速测试系统

    Figure  3.  Longitudinal wave velocity test system

    图  4  试验分组

    Figure  4.  Experimental grouping

    图  5  雷管装药

    Figure  5.  Detonator charges

    图  6  炮孔布置

    Figure  6.  Blast hole layout

    图  7  试样破坏形态

    Figure  7.  Sample failure patterns

    图  8  A-2试样爆破后各面爆生裂纹盒维数拟合曲线

    Figure  8.  Fitting curves of box counting dimension for each surface of A-2 sample

    图  9  分形维数对比

    Figure  9.  Fractal dimensions

    图  10  爆破块度分布

    Figure  10.  Blasting fragmentation distributions

    图  11  爆破块度分布对比

    Figure  11.  Comparisos of blastingfragmentation distributions

    图  12  爆破块度分布评价指标

    Figure  12.  Evaluation indexes of blasting fragmentation distribution

    表  1  岩体可爆性分级标准

    Table  1.   Classification standards of rock blastability

    可爆性
    等级
    天然裂隙程度、平均间距及分数单轴抗压强度及分数密度及分数波阻抗及分数总分数可爆性
    描述可爆性描述
    裂隙程度l/m分数σc/MPa分数ρ/(g·cm−3分数Zr/(Gg·m−2·s−1)分数
    极度裂隙<0.101 <801<2.501 5.01 4易爆
    强烈裂隙 0.302 1002 2.752 7.52 8中等可爆
    中等裂隙 0.753 1403 3.00310.0312难爆
    轻微裂隙 1.254 1704 3.25412.5416很难爆
    极少裂隙>1.505>1805>3.50515.0520特别难爆
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  富铁矿矿体可爆性评价结果

    Table  2.   Blastability evaluation results of high-grade iron ore

    评价指标指标值得分权重加权得分总分可爆性等级
    l/m1.2541.24.818.8Ⅴ(特别难爆)
    σc/MPa22751.05.0
    ρ/(g·cm−34.2550.73.5
    Zr/(Gg·m−2·s−1)2451.15.5
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  炸药参数

    Table  3.   Explosive parameters

    试验炸药质量/g直径/mm高度/mm密度/(g·cm−3)爆热/(kJ·kg−1)爆速/(km·s−1)波阻抗/(Gg·m−2·s−1)匹配系数
    ADDNP16630.561 8113.5291.9760.082
    BDDNP+RDX16590.613 4943.9752.4250.100
    C单发雷管16311.134 1675.1735.8450.242
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  爆破块度分布函数参数

    Table  4.   Parameters of blasting fragmentation distribution function

    试验炸药试样G-G-S分布函数参数相关系数
    x0/mmn
    ADDNPA-1268.72.870.964 8
    A-2275.42.920.976 7
    BDDNP+RDXB-1253.65.950.976 0
    B-2249.87.220.976 3
    C雷管C-1230.32.600.962 3
    C-2224.02.540.993 3
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  爆破块度分布评价指标

    Table  5.   Evaluation indexes of blasting fragmentation distribution

    试验炸药试样d10/mmd50/mmd90/mmd90/d50dmax/mm
    实验平均实验平均实验平均实验平均实验平均
    ADDNPA-11201232112142592621.231.23269272
    A-21252172661.22275
    BDDNP+RDXB-11721772262262492481.101.09254252
    B-21822272461.08250
    C雷管C-1 95 931761732212181.251.26230227
    C-2 901702141.26224
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2019-10-16
  • 修回日期:  2020-03-18
  • 网络出版日期:  2020-05-25
  • 刊出日期:  2020-06-01

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