冲击载荷下径向密度排布对泡沫金属力学性能影响的研究

王根伟; 刘冕; 宋辉; 王彬

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2019-0403

冲击载荷下径向密度排布对泡沫金属力学性能影响的研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0403

王根伟^{1, 2,},
刘冕^{1, 2},
宋辉^{1, 2},
王彬^{1, 3}

1.
太原理工大学机械与运载工程学院应用力学研究所，山西太原 030024
2.
太原理工大学材料强度与结构冲击山西省重点实验室，山西太原 030024
3.
伦敦布鲁内尔大学机械航空工程系，英国伦敦 UB8 3PH

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11872265）；山西省自然科学基金（201901D2111087）

详细信息

作者简介:
王根伟（1974－　），男，博士，副教授，gwang@tyut.edu.cn

中图分类号: O347.3
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-10-21
- 修回日期: 2020-02-08
- 网络出版日期: 2020-05-25
- 刊出日期: 2020-07-01

Influence of radial density arrangement on mechanical properties of metal foam under impact loading

WANG Genwei^{1, 2
,},
LIU Mian^{1, 2},
SONG Hui^{1, 2},
WANG Bin^{1, 3}

1.
Institute of Applied Mechanics, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
2.
Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
3.
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, London Brunel University, London UB8 3PH, UK

摘要

摘要: 参照层状密度梯度泡沫模型实现方法，利用3D-Voronoi技术设计了新型径向密度梯度泡沫模型，并用有限元软件，对它在不同冲击载荷下的力学行为进行数值模拟。研究冲击速度、密度梯度和平均相对密度对金属泡沫冲击端、支撑端应力和能量吸收能力的影响，发现：径向正梯度泡沫与层状正、负梯度泡沫相比，其两端的应力值均较小，可同时保护冲击端、支撑端物体；径向负梯度泡沫两端应力变化幅度较小，能够保证物体受力稳定；几种泡沫金属的能量吸收能力在不同冲击速度下发生交替变化。对于径向梯度泡沫，能量吸收能力对密度梯度大小不敏感，对梯度方向敏感，径向负梯度泡沫的能量吸收能力始终大于径向正梯度泡沫；平均相对密度越大，径向正、负梯度泡沫两端应力越大、吸能效果越好。
- 梯度泡沫金属 /
- 3D-Voronoi技术 /
- 密度梯度参数 /
- 能量吸收
Abstract: Based on the generation method of layered density graded foam, new radial density graded foam models were designed by 3D-Voronoi technique, and their mechanical behavior under different impact loads was numerically simulated by finite element software. By analyzing the effects of impact velocity, density gradient and average relative density on the stress of impact end and support end, and energy absorption capacity of metal foams, it is found that the radial positive graded foam has smaller stress values at both ends than the layered positive and negative graded foams, which can simultaneously protect objects at any ends. The stress fluctuation of radial negative graded foam is small, which can ensure the stability of the force received by the object, and the energy absorption values of four metal foams vary alternately at different impact velocities. For the radial graded foam, energy absorption capacity is insensitive to density gradient, but sensitive to gradient direction. The energy absorption capacity of radial negative graded foam is always greater than radial positive graded foam. The larger the average relative density, the greater the stress at both ends, and the energy absorption effect is also enhanced.
- graded metal foam /
- 3D-Voronoi technique /
- density gradient parameter /
- energy absorption

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图 1 密度梯度泡沫模型

Figure 1. Density gradient foam models

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 层状和径向的梯度泡沫

Figure 2. Layered and radial graded foams

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3 应变云图

3. Strain distributions

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图 4 4种梯度泡沫冲击端和支撑端的名义应力应变曲线

Figure 4. Nominal stress-strain curves of impact end and support end of four graded foams

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图 5 4种梯度泡沫冲击端和支撑端的最大应力和应力标准差

Figure 5. Maximum stresses and stress standard deviations of impact end and support end of four graded foams

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图 6 不同冲击速度下4种梯度泡沫的能量吸收能力

Figure 6. Energy absorption capacities of four graded foams at different impact velocities

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图 7 在不同密度梯度下径向梯度泡沫的名义应力应变曲线

Figure 7. Nominal stress-strain curves of radial graded foams with different density gradients

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图 8 在不同密度梯度下径向梯度泡沫的能量吸收能力

Figure 8. Energy absorption capacities of radial graded foams with different density gradients

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图 9 在不同相对密度下径向梯度泡沫的名义应力应变曲线

Figure 9. Nominal stress-strain curves of radial graded foams with different relative densities

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10 在不同相对密度下径向梯度泡沫的能量吸收特性

10. Energy absorption per mass of radial graded foams with different relative densities

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表 1 模型材料参数

Table 1. Model material parameters

泡沫模型	平均相对密度$\overline\mu $	密度梯度γ
层状正梯度	0.12	0.8
层状负梯度	0.12	−0.8
径向正梯度	0.12, 0.09	0.8, 0.4
径向负梯度	0.12, 0.09	−0.8, −0.4

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表 2 4种梯度泡沫的能量吸收能力

Table 2. Energy absorption capacities of four graded foams

泡沫模型	W/MPa
	v=30 m/s			v=80 m/s			v=200 m/s
	$\overline\varepsilon $=0.2	$\overline\varepsilon $=0.5	$\overline\varepsilon $=0.8	$\overline\varepsilon $=0.2	$\overline\varepsilon $=0.5	$\overline\varepsilon $=0.8	$\overline\varepsilon $=0.2	$\overline\varepsilon $=0.5	$\overline\varepsilon $=0.8
层状正梯度	0.55	1.98	4.22	0.82	2.73	5.36	2.36	7.18	13.51
层状负梯度	0.73	1.96	4.24	1.72	3.14	4.78	4.41	9.43	12.67
径向正梯度	0.62	2.00	3.97	1.00	3.06	4.91	2.84	8.34	12.63
径向负梯度	0.91	2.25	4.22	1.35	3.14	5.36	3.74	8.60	13.89

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