Dynamic response of sandwich tubes with graded foam aluminum cores under internal blast loading
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摘要: 基于3D-Voronoi技术构建了泡沫铝芯层的三维细观有限元模型，对梯度泡沫铝夹芯管在内爆炸载荷下的动态响应进行了数值模拟。分析讨论了夹芯管结构内外管的壁厚、泡沫芯层的相对密度、芯层梯度分布等参数对夹芯管结构的抗爆性能与吸能性能的影响，并与无芯层的双层圆管进行了对比。结果表明：泡沫材料的相对密度可通过改变泡沫胞元大小和胞元壁厚进行调控，利用两种方式构建的夹芯管计算结果一致；保持内、外圆管总质量不变，增大内管壁厚可以有效减小外管的塑性变形，但会影响泡沫芯层的能量耗散；泡沫芯层的填充可以有效降低内管的塑性变形，正梯度泡沫铝夹芯管的抗爆性能优于均匀泡沫及负梯度泡沫夹芯管。
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关键词:
- 3D-Voronoi技术 /
- 变形量 /
- 泡沫铝 /
- 夹芯管
Abstract: Dynamic response of sandwich tubes subjected to blast loading is investigated numerically. The 3D-Voronoi technology is introduced to establish three-dimensional mesoscopic finite element model of aluminum foam. The influences of the thickness of inner and outer tubes, the relative density of foam core and the core gradient on the blast resistance and energy absorption of the sandwich tubes are analyzed and compared with the double circular tubes with air core. The results show that the relative density of foam materials can be controlled by changing the size and wall thickness of cell, and the calculation results of the sandwich tube constructed by two methods are consistent. The increase of the inner tube thickness can effectively reduce the plastic deformation of outer tube and weaken the energy absorption of foam core. Foam filling is of benefit to reduce the plastic deformation of inner tube and the blast resistance of positive gradient is better than that of negative gradient and uniform core.-
Key words:
- 3D-Voronoi /
- deformation /
- foam aluminum /
- sandwich tube
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图 1 泡沫铝夹芯管示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of sandwich tube with gradient foam aluminum cores
图 2 泡沫铝夹芯管的建模过程
Figure 2. Process of constructing aluminum foam-cored sandwich tube model
图 3 不同网格尺寸的内、外管变形量
Figure 3. Deformation of inner and outer tubes with different mesh sizes
图 4 数值模拟与实验结果对照图
Figure 4. Comparison between numerical simulation and experimental results
图 5 泡沫胞元大小和胞元壁厚对模型的影响
Figure 5. Effect of foam cell size and cell wall thickness on the model
图 6 不同相对密度的泡沫铝夹芯管总吸能和比吸能
Figure 6. Ea and Esa of sandwich tubes with different relative density foam cores
图 7 不同壁厚比对内、外管变形量的影响
Figure 7. Effect of different wall thickness ratio on deformation of inner and outer tubes
图 9 梯度夹芯管变形过程
Figure 9. Deformation process of sandwich tube with gradient foam aluminum cores
图 10 梯度夹芯管外管变形量随时间的变化规律和夹芯管各部分的比吸能
Figure 10. Outer tube special deformation and specific energe absorption of sandwich tubes with gradient foam aluminum cores
图 11 不同炸药量下的双层圆管与泡沫铝夹芯管的变形量-时间曲线
Figure 11. Special deformation-time curves of double-layer circular tubes and aluminum foam sandwich tubes under different explosives
表 1 J-C模型材料参数[14]
Table 1. Material parameters of J-C model
材料 密度/(kg·m−3) 弹性模量/GPa A/MPa B n c m 钢 7 850 210 507 0.003 2 0.28 0.064 1.06 
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表 2 空气材料参数
Table 2. Material parameters of air
材料 密度/(kg·m−3) C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 E01/(kJ·m−3) 空气 1.293 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.4 0 2.5
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表 3 炸药的材料参数[14]
Table 3. Material parameters of explosive
材料 密度/(kg·m−3) 爆速/(m·s−1) A/GPa B/GPa R1 R2 ω E02/(GJ·m−3) V JHL-3 1 650 7 050 611 10.7 0.35 4.4 1.2 8.9 1.0
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表 4 泡沫铝夹芯管的几何参数
Table 4. Geometric parameters of sandwich tubes with foam aluminum cores
试件编号 外管直径do/mm 内管直径di/mm 外管壁厚to/mm 内管壁厚ti/mm 相对密度ρ*/% 试件质量M/g WT0 103.0 80 1.50 1.5 − 406 WT1 103.3 80 1.65 1.3 11 458 WT2 103.0 80 1.50 1.5 11 458 WT3 102.7 80 1.35 1.7 11 458 WT4 102.4 80 1.20 1.9 11 458 WT5 102.1 80 1.05 2.1 11 458 WT6 103.0 80 1.50 1.5 14 472 WT7 103.0 80 1.50 1.5 17 486
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表 5 梯度泡沫铝夹芯管的几何参数
Table 5. Geometric parameters of sandwich tubes with gradient foam aluminum cores
试件编号 外管直径do/mm 内管直径di/mm 外管壁厚to/mm 内管壁厚ti/mm $\rho _{\simfont\text{芯层1}}^{*} $/% $\rho _{\simfont\text{芯层2}}^{*} $/% 试件质量M/g N-WT1 109.8 80 1.5 1.5 6.3 15 493 U-WT2 109.8 80 1.5 1.5 11 11 493 P-WT3 109.8 80 1.5 1.5 15 7.5 493
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表 6 数值模拟与实验结果的对比
Table 6. Comparison between numerical simulation and experimental results
试件编号 内管直径/mm 外管直径/mm 试件长度/mm 相对密度/% 数值模拟/mm 实验结果/mm 误差/% 内管 外管 内管 外管 内管 外管 T1 67 90 100 11 9.90 0.60 9.8 0.58 1.0 3.3 T7 99 122 100 11 10.45 2.07 11.9 2.30 13.8 10.0 T8 99 122 100 16 9.35 2.30 11.3 2.40 17.0 4.3
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