地铁隧道毫秒延时爆破环境振动特性研究

赵凯; 赵丁凤; 张东; 庄海洋; 陈国兴

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2019-0445

地铁隧道毫秒延时爆破环境振动特性研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0445

赵凯^1,,
赵丁凤²,
张东³,
庄海洋^1, ,,
陈国兴¹

1.
南京工业大学岩土工程研究所，江苏南京 210009
2.
中交上海航道勘察设计研究院有限公司，上海 200120
3.
中设设计集团股份有限公司，江苏南京 210014

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51608267，51978335）；国家重点研发计划（2018YFC1504301-03）

详细信息

作者简介:
赵　凯（1982－　），男，博士，副教授，zhaokai@njtech.edu.cn

通讯作者:
庄海洋（1978－　），男，博士，教授，zhuang7802@163.com

中图分类号: O389；TU411
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-11-21
- 修回日期: 2020-07-02
- 网络出版日期: 2020-08-25
- 刊出日期: 2020-10-05

Characteristics of environmental vibration induced by millisecond-delay blasting in metro tunnel excavation

1.
Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
2.
Shanghai Waterway Engineering Design and Consulting Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200120, China
3.
Central Design Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China

摘要

摘要: 基于地铁隧道毫秒延时爆破环境振动特性现场试验，考虑爆破荷载的不规则特性，采用基于非对称加卸载准则的修正Davidenkov本构模型描述场地土体的动力非线性特性；通过改进Friedlander方程来模拟内源爆炸在圆柱形炮孔表面产生的瞬态空气冲击波；实现了包含毫秒延时爆破荷载输入和有限元-无限元耦合边界的地层-爆源体系三维精细化有限元模型，并与现场实测数据对比验证了该模型方法的有效性。对50 ms延时爆破和齐爆引起的环境振动特性进行了数值模拟，对比发现毫秒延时爆破不仅可以有效降低地表峰值振速，而且可以显著改变地表振动的频谱特性。毫秒延时爆破产生的地表振动频带较集中，对分散爆破振动能量的作用显著，且地表速度响应的主频较高，远离建筑结构自振频率，可显著降低爆破施工引起的邻近建筑物的结构振动水平。
- 毫秒延时爆破 /
- 多孔齐爆 /
- 环境振动 /
- 自振频率
Abstract: Based on the field test of environmental vibration characteristics of subway tunnel millisecond delay blasting, considering the irregular characteristics of blasting load, a modified Davidenkov constitutive model based on asymmetric loading and unloading criterion is used to describe the dynamic nonlinear characteristics of the site soil. The transient air shock wave generated by the internal explosion on the surface of cylindrical blast hole is simulated by improving the Friedlander equation. And a three-dimensional refined finite element model of ground-blast-source system, involving the blast wave input and finite/infinite element coupling boundary, is realized. The effectiveness of the model method is verified by comparing with in-situ testing data. The environmental vibration features induced by 50 ms delay blasting and instantaneous blasting are numerically simulated. It is found that millisecond delay blasting can not only effectively reduce the surface peak vibration velocity, but also significantly change the frequency spectrum characteristics of surface vibration. The frequency band of surface vibration produced by millisecond delay blasting is relatively concentrated, which has a significant effect on dispersing blasting vibration energy. Moreover, the main frequency of surface velocity response is higher, which is far away from the natural frequency of building structure, it can significantly reduce the structural vibration level of adjacent buildings caused by blasting construction. The research results reveal the vibration characteristics and vibration reduction mechanism of millisecond delay blasting environment, which can provide scientific basis and reference for blasting construction of subway tunnel in complex urban environment.
- millisecond-delay blasting /
- instantaneous blasting /
- environmental vibration /
- natural frequency

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图 1 地铁隧道与文物鼓楼的相对位置

Figure 1. Relative position between the metro tunnel and the cultural relic drum tower

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图 2 鼓楼与模拟爆破点的相对位置及地层分布

Figure 2. Relative position between the drum tower and the blasting site as well as stratum distribution

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图 3 不规则加卸载准则修正的Davidenkov模型^[14]

Figure 3. The Davidenkov model modified by the irregular loading-unloading rules^[14]

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图 4 爆炸引起的超压时程曲线

Figure 4. Time history of overpressure induced by blasting

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图 5 爆炸冲击波至炮孔表面的入射角度

Figure 5. Illustration of the incident angle of the blast wave to the surface of the blast hole

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图 6 地层-爆源体系三维有限元模型

Figure 6. A three-dimensional finite element model of the ground-blasting-source system

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图 7 实测地表测点峰值振速与模拟结果的对比

Figure 7. Comparison of peak vibration velocities between monitored and simulated surface measurement points

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图 8 地表振动速度时程和傅里叶谱对比

Figure 8. Comparison of vibration waveforms and Fourier spectra bewteen different monitoring points

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图 9 不同爆破方式下地表振动速度衰减规律对比

Figure 9. Comparison of ground vibration attenuation under different blasting modes

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图 10 不同爆破方式下地表测点的频谱对比

Figure 10. Comparison of frequency spectra at surface monitoring points under different blasting modes

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表 1 鼓楼固有频率测试结果

Table 1. Test results of natural frequencies of the drum tower

模态阶数	固有频率/Hz
模态阶数	水平向	竖直向
1	1.37	2.00
2	2.79	2.98

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表 2 土体剖面及Davidenkov模型参数

Table 2. Parameters for the soil profiles and the Davidenkov model

土层描述	厚度/m	重度/(kN·m⁻³)	剪切波速/(m·s⁻¹)	Davidenkov模型参数
土层描述	厚度/m	重度/(kN·m⁻³)	剪切波速/(m·s⁻¹)	A	2B	${\gamma _0}$ /10⁻⁴
杂填土	1.3	18.5	139.5	1.05	0.84	5.5
粉质黏土	6.3	20.2	250.4	1.09	0.82	6.2
砂砾岩	12.2	22.6	558.3	1.30	0.40	21.0

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