水下爆炸对高桩码头毁伤效应的试验研究

刘靖晗; 唐廷; 韦灼彬; 李凌锋

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2019-0467

水下爆炸对高桩码头毁伤效应的试验研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0467

刘靖晗^{1, 2,},
唐廷^2, ,,
韦灼彬²,
李凌锋^{1, 2}

1.
海军工程大学，湖北武汉 430033
2.
海军勤务学院，天津 300450

基金项目: 军队后勤科研计划(CHJ13J006)；海军工程大学科研资助立项项目(425517K210)

详细信息

作者简介:
刘靖晗（1990－　），男，博士研究生，1226001717@qq.com

通讯作者:
唐　廷（1980－　），男，博士，讲师，kublai@126.com

中图分类号: O381; TV32.1
计量
- 文章访问数: 3153
- HTML全文浏览量: 1328
- PDF下载量: 96
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-12-13
- 修回日期: 2020-02-12
- 刊出日期: 2020-11-05

Experimental research in damage effects of high-piled wharf under underwater explosion

LIU Jinghan^{1, 2
,},
TANG Ting^{2
, ,},
WEI Zhuobin²,
LI Lingfeng^{1, 2}

1.
Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, Hubei, China
2.
Naval Logistics Collage of PLA, Tianjin 300450, China

摘要

摘要: 为了研究水下爆炸作用下高桩码头的破坏模式和毁伤机理，考虑不同炸药位置，设计制作2个高桩码头模型，进行水下爆炸试验，记录了水下荷载数据和码头模型毁伤现象，探析了炸药位置对高桩码头毁伤效应和破坏机理的影响。研究表明：水下爆炸作用下码头受到2次超压荷载，分别为初始冲击波、水底反射波组成的冲击波载荷和气泡脉动载荷；水下爆炸作用下，高桩码头的主要毁伤部位为桩基的中部和顶部、面板、纵梁以及面板与纵、横梁连接处；炸药位置直接影响高桩码头破坏模式，减小爆距会加剧桩基毁伤效应，当炸药位于面板下方时，码头上部梁板结构的毁伤程度较大。
- 水下爆炸 /
- 高桩码头 /
- 毁伤效应 /
- 炸药位置
Abstract: In order to study the failure mode and damage mechanism of a high-piled wharf subjected to underwater explosion, the experimental study on two models of the high-piled wharf under different explosive positions was conducted. The data collection and analysis for underwater loads and damage phenomenon of wharf models were recorded. The influence of explosive position on the damage effect and damage mechanism of high-piled wharf was analyzed. The results show the followings: The wharf is subjected to two times of loads under underwater explosive, which are the shock wave load composed of initial shock wave and underwater reflected wave, and bubble pulse load. The main damaged parts of the high-piled wharf are the middle and top of the piles, panel, longitudinal beams and the connection of the panel and beams. The explosive position directly affects the damage form of the wharf. Reducing the distance between the explosive and pile will increase the damage of the pile. When the explosive is located under the panel, the beams and panel of the high-piled wharf is seriously damaged.
- underwater explosion /
- high-piled wharf /
- damage effect /
- explosive position

HTML全文

图 1 试验场地、炸药及传感器布设方案（HW1）

Figure 1. Experimental site, explosive and sensor position arrangement (HW1)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 试验场地、炸药及传感器布设方案（HW2）

Figure 2. Experimental site, explosive and sensor position arrangement (HW2)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 水下压力时程曲线

Figure 3. Underwater pressure histories

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 水下爆炸高桩码头模型破坏现象（HW1）

Figure 4. The damage phenomena of the high-piled wharf model under underwater explosion (HW1)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 水下爆炸高桩码头模型破坏现象（HW2）

Figure 5. The damage phenomena of the high-piled wharf model under underwater explosion (HW2)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 主要构件参数（单位为mm）

Table 1. Matching bar condition of main members (unit in mm)

构件	尺寸	配筋情况	保护层厚度
面板（HW1）	3800×2300×100	双层双向配筋$\varnothing $6@200	20
面板（HW2）	2600×2300×100	双层双向配筋$\varnothing $6@200	20
横梁		肋部纵筋2$\varnothing $8 翼缘纵筋6$\varnothing $8 箍筋$\varnothing $6@200	20
纵梁		纵筋4$\varnothing $8 箍筋$\varnothing $6@125	20
桩	120×120×3100	纵筋4$\varnothing$10 上部箍筋$\varnothing $6@200，下部箍筋$\varnothing $6@400	20
注：纵梁箍筋仅在纵、横梁交界处布置；桩基为预制，码头面板、横梁、纵梁为现场整体浇筑。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 1 kg乳化炸药与1 kg TNT水下爆炸荷载比较

Table 2. Comparison of underwater explosion load between 1 kg emulsion explosive and 1 kg TNT

	P_m/MPa	I/(Pa·s)	p_m/MPa	i/(Pa·s)	T/s
乳化炸药 (HW1)	17.91	1 782.09	3.02	822.80	0.017
TNT	19.48	2 695.31	3.02	13 892.07	0.280
δ/%	−8.06	−33.82	0	−94.08	−93.930
乳化炸药 (HW2)	18.25	2 066.17	5.76	1 026.39	0.017
TNT	20.44	2 799.48	3.15	14 496.07	0.280
δ/%	−10.71	−26.20	82.86	−92.92	−93.930

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 高桩码头模型毁伤效应

Table 3. Damage effect of high-piled wharf

码头部位	毁伤效应
码头部位	HW1 炸药位于4个桩基之间，面板下方，爆距0.61 m	HW2 炸药位于2个桩基中间，纵梁下方，爆距0.29 m
桩基	1. 桩中迎爆棱边形成爆坑，桩中背爆面形成水平裂缝； 2. 桩顶迎爆面与横梁连接处剪切破坏，桩顶背爆面混凝土压坏； 3. 桩底产生轻微位移。	1. 桩中混凝土贯穿破坏，钢筋裸露向外侧变形； 2. 桩顶混凝土破坏严重，破坏贯通或形成塑性铰； 3. 桩底产生明显位移，出现水平裂缝。
面板	1. 面板向上弯曲隆起，顶部形成裂缝； 2. 面板顶部长边侧混凝土破坏，钢筋裸露； 3. 面板底部与纵横梁连接处混凝土撕裂破坏，钢筋裸露。	1. 面板向上弯曲隆起，顶部形成细微裂缝； 2. 面板底部与纵横梁连接处形成水平裂缝。
横梁	横梁与面板连接处混凝土撕裂破坏，钢筋裸露向上拔起。	横梁与面板连接处形成水平裂缝。
纵梁	1. 纵梁与面板连接处混凝土撕裂破坏，钢筋裸露向上拔起； 2. 纵梁形成轻微斜裂缝。	1. 纵梁与面板连接处形水平成裂缝； 2. 纵梁形成对称斜裂缝。

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(19)

[1]	高勇军, 王伟策, 陈小波, 等. 浅层水中爆炸冲击波压力的测试与分析 [J]. 爆破, 1999(1): 9–13. DOI: CNKI:SUN:BOPO.0.1999-01-002. GAO Y J, WANG W C, CHEN X B, et al. Testing and analysis on shock wave pressure generated by explosion under shallow water [J]. Blasting, 1999(1): 9–13. DOI: CNKI:SUN:BOPO.0.1999-01-002.
[2]	顾文彬, 叶序双, 张朋祥, 等. 浅层水中爆炸水底影响的试验研究 [J]. 解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2001, 2(2): 55–58. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-3443.2001.02.013. GU W B, YE X S, ZHANG P X, et al. Experimental studies of bottom influence in shallow-layer water explosion [J]. Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2001, 2(2): 55–58. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-3443.2001.02.013.
[3]	顾文彬, 孙百连, 阳天海, 等. 浅层水中沉底爆炸冲击波相互作用数值模拟 [J]. 解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2003, 4(6): 64–68. DOI: 10.7666/j.issn.1009-3443.20030615. GU W B, SUN B L, YANG T H, et al. Numerical simulation of explosive shockwave interaction in shallow-layer water [J]. Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2003, 4(6): 64–68. DOI: 10.7666/j.issn.1009-3443.20030615.
[4]	WARDLAW A B, LUTON J A. Fluid-structure interaction mechanisms for close-in explosions [J]. Shock & Vibration, 2015, 7(5): 265–275. DOI: 10.1155/2000/141934.
[5]	张阿漫, 姚熊亮. 复杂边界附近气泡的动态特性研究 [J]. 力学季刊, 2008, 29(1): 24–32. ZHANG A M, YAO X L. Dynamic of bubble near complex boundary [J]. Chinese Quarterly of Mechanics, 2008, 29(1): 24–32.
[6]	朱锡, 白雪飞, 黄若波, 等. 船体板架在水下接触爆炸作用下的破口试验 [J]. 中国造船, 2003, 44(1): 46–52. DOI: CNKI:SUN:ZGZC.0.2003-01-007. ZHU X, BAI X F, HUANG R B, et al. Crevasse experiment research of plate membrance in vessels subjected to underwater contact explosion [J]. Shipbuilding of China, 2003, 44(1): 46–52. DOI: CNKI:SUN:ZGZC.0.2003-01-007.
[7]	朱锡, 张振华, 刘润泉, 等. 水面舰艇舷侧防雷舱结构模型抗爆试验研究 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2004, 24(2): 133–139. ZHU X, ZHANG Z H, LIU R Q, et al. Experimental study on the explosion resistance of cabin near shipboard of surface warship subjected to underwater contact explosion [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2004, 24(2): 133–139.
[8]	李海涛, 朱锡, 张振华. 船体梁在近距爆炸冲击波作用下动态响应的相似律研究 [J]. 振动与冲击, 2010, 29(9): 28–32. DOI: CNKI:SUN:ZDCJ.0.2010-09-008. LI H T, ZHU X, ZHANG Z H. Similarity law of dynamic response of hull girder subjected to underwater explosion in near field [J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2010, 29(9): 28–32. DOI: CNKI:SUN:ZDCJ.0.2010-09-008.
[9]	李海涛, 张永坤, 张振海. 近场水下爆炸作用下箱形梁整体损伤特性研究 [J]. 兵工学报, 2012, 33(5): 611–616. LI H T, ZHANG Y K, ZHANG Z H. Damage characteristics of box-like beam as a bulk subjected to underwater explosion in near-field [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2012, 33(5): 611–616.
[10]	黄晓明, 朱锡, 牟金磊, 等. 圆柱壳在水下爆炸作用下鞭状响应试验研究 [J]. 哈尔滨工程大学学报, 2010, 31(10): 1278–1285. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7043.2010.10.002. HUANG X M, ZHU X, MU J L, et al. Study on whipping response of a stiffened cylindrical shell in an underwater explosion [J]. Journal of Harbin Engineering University, 2010, 31(10): 1278–1285. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7043.2010.10.002.
[11]	刘美山, 吴新霞, 张恒伟. 混凝土水下爆破炸药单耗试验分析 [J]. 爆破, 2007, 24(1): 10–13. DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2007.01.003. LIU M S, WU X X, ZHANG H W. Experimental analysis on specific charge of underwater explosion of concrete [J]. Blasting, 2007, 24(1): 10–13. DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2007.01.003.
[12]	李裕春, 程克明, 沈蔚, 等. 水中冲击波对混凝土结构破坏的实验研究 [J]. 材料工程, 2010, 16(1): 1–5. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4381.2008.12.005. LI Y C, CHENG K P, CHEN W, et al. Damage analysis of concrete structure by underwater shock [J]. Engineering of Material, 2010, 16(1): 1–5. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4381.2008.12.005.
[13]	李建阳, 李永池, 高光发, 等. 混凝土水下径向不耦合爆破特性研究 [J]. 工程爆破, 2010, 16(1): 1–5. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7051.2010.01.001. LI J Y, LI Y C, GAO G F, et al. Study on blasting characteristics of underwater concrete with decoupling charge [J]. Engineering Blasting, 2010, 16(1): 1–5. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7051.2010.01.001.
[14]	董琪, 韦灼彬, 唐廷,等. 水下爆炸对沉箱重力式码头毁伤效应 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2019, 39(6): 065101. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2018-0090. DONG Q, WEI Z B, TANG T, et al. Damage effects of caisson gravity wharf under underwater explosion [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2019, 39(6): 065101. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2018-0090.
[15]	李凌锋, 韦灼彬, 唐廷, 等. 爆炸荷载下沉箱重力式码头模型毁伤效应 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2019, 39(1): 012202. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2017-0406. LI L F, WEI Z B, TANG T, et al. Damage effects of the caisson gravity wharf model subjected to explosion [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2019, 39(1): 012202. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2017-0406.
[16]	韦灼彬. 钢筋混凝土桩基梁板码头爆炸毁伤及抢修技术研究[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2005: 8-68. DOI: 10.7666/d.y850662.
[17]	闫秋实, 宁素瑜, 杜修力, 等. 水中近场爆炸作用下钢筋混凝土桩毁伤效应研究 [J]. 北京工业大学学报, 2019, 45(2): 55–61. DOI: 10.11936/bjutxb2017110011. YAN Q S, NING S Y, DU X L, et al. Damage effect for a typical reinforced concrete pile under the near field explosion in water [J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 2019, 45(2): 55–61. DOI: 10.11936/bjutxb2017110011.
[18]	RAJENDRAN R, NARASIMHAN K. Deformation and fracture behaviour of plate specimens subjected to underwater explosion: a review [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2006, 32(12): 1945–1963. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2005.05.013.
[19]	COLE R H. Underwater explosions[M]. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1948: 118-127.