高锁螺栓连接件动态拉伸响应与失效机理

杨强; 惠旭龙; 白春玉; 刘小川

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2019-0475

高锁螺栓连接件动态拉伸响应与失效机理

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0475

中国飞机强度研究所结构冲击动力学航空科技重点实验室，陕西西安 710065

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11702260）

详细信息

作者简介:
杨　强（1987－　），男，硕士，工程师，yqiang1230@163.com

中图分类号: O347.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-12-18
- 修回日期: 2020-07-21
- 刊出日期: 2020-10-05

Dynamic tensile response and failure mechanism of hi-lock bolt joint

Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Structures Impact Dynamics, Aircraft Strength Research Institute of China, Xi’an 710065, Shaanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 飞机坠撞过程中结构的变形模式和吸能对乘员保护具有重要意义，而连接结构的载荷传递和失效形式是影响飞机结构变形的重要因素之一。为了获取航空高锁螺栓连接件在坠撞载荷下的动态响应和失效机理，基于抗剪型平头高锁螺栓设计了2种材料（2024-T3和7050-T7451）的单钉单搭接连接件，利用高速液压伺服材料试验机进行4种速度（0.01、0.10、1.00和3.00 m/s）下的拉伸测试，得到连接件的动态响应、极限载荷、能量吸收和失效模式随速度的变化规律，并分析了连接件的失效机理。结果表明，连接件的失效模式受母材和高锁螺栓/螺母材料强度影响较大，而受加载速度影响较小；当速度从0.01 m/s增加到3.00 m/s时，2024-T3连接件的极限载荷和能量吸收分别增加了2.17%和34.43%，7050-T7451连接件的极限载荷和能量吸收分别增加了5.53%和6.58%。
- 连接结构 /
- 冲击载荷 /
- 失效模式 /
- 能量吸收 /
- 高锁螺栓
Abstract: The deformation mode and energy absorption property of aircraft sub-structure are of great significance for occupant protection during aircraft crash. The load transfer and failure mode of joint structures are one of important factors affecting aircraft structural deformation. This paper tries to study the dynamic failure behavior of aviation of hi-lock bolt joints under impact loads. Based on the shear resistance hi-lock bolt, the single-bolt single lap joints with two kinds of base metals (2024-T3 and 7050-T7451) were designed. The dynamic tensile tests of the joints were carried out by a high-speed material testing machine under four loading velocities, 0.01、0.10、1.00 and 3.00 m/s. The dynamic response, the ultimate load, the energy absorption and the failure mode of hi-lock bolt joints were measured and analyzed. The results show that the failure mode of the joints is greatly affected by the material strength of the base metal and the high lock bolt / nut, but less affected by the loading speed; as increasing the speed from 0.01 m/s to 3 m/s, the ultimate load and the energy absorption of 2024-T3 joints increase by 2.17% and 34.43% respectively, and the ultimate load and the energy absorption of 7050-T7451 joints increase by 5.53% and 6.58% respectively.
- joints /
- impact load /
- failure mode /
- energy absorption /
- hi-lock

HTML全文

图 1 典型高锁螺栓连接件

Figure 1. Hi-lock bolt joint

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图 2 连接件动态实验系统

Figure 2. Dynamic test system of joint

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图 3 动态加载下典型动态加载速率曲线

Figure 3. Typical loading rate curves under dynamic loading conditions

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图 4 不同加载速度下两类连接件载荷位移曲线

Figure 4. Load-displacement curves of joints under different loading velocities

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图 5 不同加载速度下连接件的吸能

Figure 5. Energy absorption of joints under different impact velocities

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图 6 连接件在1 m/s速度下典型失效过程

Figure 6. Typical failure process of joints under 1 m/s impact velocity

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图 7 高锁螺栓连接结构动态拉伸受力分析

Figure 7. Dynamic tensile force analysis of hi-lock bolt joint

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图 8 B类连接件孔壁受挤压永久塑性变形图

Figure 8. Plastic deformation diagram of joint hole under bearing load

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图 9 连接件动态加载有限元分析图

Figure 9. Finite element analysis of dynamic impact of the joints

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表 1 材料性能参数^[26-27]

Table 1. Property parameters of materials^[26-27]

材料	密度/(g·cm⁻³)	弹性模量/GPa	屈服强度/MPa	抗拉强度/MPa	伸长率/%	备注
2024-T3	2.8	72	310	440	17.7	母材
7050-T7451	2.8	72	470	530	14.1	母材
7075-T73	2.8	72	395	475	7.0	高锁螺母
TC4	4.4	109	860	930	10.0	高锁螺栓

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表 2 不同速度下连接件极限载荷和初始失效位移统计

Table 2. Statistics of ultimate load and initial failure displacement of joints under different loading velocities

序号	连接件	速度/(m·s⁻¹)	极限载荷/kN	极限载荷增长率/%	初始失效位移/mm	初始失效位移增长率/%
1	A类	0.01	10.61	−	5.17	−
2		0.10	10.66	0.47	5.19	0.39
3		1.00	10.77	1.51	5.23	1.16
4		3.00	10.84	2.17	6.40	23.79
6	B类	0.01	12.30	−	5.61	−
7		0.10	12.78	3.90	5.65	0.71
8		1.00	12.87	4.63	5.68	1.25
9		3.00	12.98	5.53	5.73	2.14

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表 3 连接件失效模式

Table 3. Failure modes of joints

连接件	失效模式
连接件	v=0.01 m/s	v=0.10 m/s	v=1.00 m/s	v=3.00 m/s
A类
A类	TF+FP/FP/FP	FP/FP/FP	TF+FP/FP/FP	FP/FP/FP
B类
B类	SOF/SOF/TF	TF/SOF/SOF	SOF/SOF/SOF	SOF/SOF/SOF
注：FP表示螺栓头部拉脱失效，TF表示母材拉伸失效，TF+FP表示二者耦合失效，SOF表示螺栓/螺母拔出失效。

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