鹿角骨单位仿生薄壁管斜向冲击耐撞性研究

霍鹏; 许述财; 范晓文; 李建平; 杨欣; 黄晗

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2020-0035

鹿角骨单位仿生薄壁管斜向冲击耐撞性研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0035

霍鹏^{1, 2,},
许述财²,
范晓文^{1, 2},
李建平^1, ,,
杨欣¹,
黄晗²

1.
河北农业大学机电工程学院，河北保定 071000
2.
清华大学汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室，北京 100084

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51305223）；河北农业大学青年科学基金（2013QNR001）；中国博士后科学基金（2018M641338）；现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-27）

详细信息

作者简介:
霍　鹏（1995－　），男，硕士研究生，hp0319@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn

通讯作者:
李建平（1978－　），男，硕士，副教授，ljpnd327@126.com

中图分类号: O389；U463.99
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-02-14
- 修回日期: 2020-08-14
- 刊出日期: 2020-11-05

Oblique impact resistance of a bionic thin-walled tube based on antles osteon

HUO Peng^{1, 2
,},
XU Shucai²,
FAN Xiaowen^{1, 2},
LI Jianping^{1
, ,},
YANG Xin¹,
HUANG Han²

1.
College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

摘要

摘要: 为提高薄壁管结构的耐撞性和吸能性，基于鹿角骨单位结构特征，结合结构仿生学原理设计出内径相同、外径等梯度逐层递减的仿生薄壁管。采用有限元法对75种仿生薄壁管结构进行10°、20°、30°等3种斜向冲击角度的吸能特性模拟；通过多项式回归元模型和多目标粒子群优化算法进行优化，以Pareto前沿最优原则得到各目标最优化的配置方案；采用最小距离选择法进行优化分析，得到各配置方案的最优结构设计参数。结果表明：仅考虑单一冲击角度时，在10°、20°、30°冲击角度下的仿生薄壁管耐撞性最优的仿生层数n均为6，最大壁厚与厚度梯度值参数组合t_max-a分别为2.84 mm-0.38 mm、2.89 mm-0.29 mm、2.91 mm-0.34 mm；综合考虑多种冲击角度权重因数不同配置方案时，仿生薄壁管耐撞性最优的仿生层数n均为6，最大壁厚与厚度梯度值参数组合t_max-a分别为2.95 mm-0.28 mm、2.92 mm-0.30 mm、2.85 mm-0.33 mm。
- 薄壁管 /
- 结构仿生 /
- 斜向冲击 /
- 耐撞性 /
- 多目标优化
Abstract: Some achievements have been made in the study on mechanical properties of antler, but they have not been applied in engineering practice, especially in the study of thin-walled tubes similar to antler crashworthiness. In order to improve the crashworthiness and energy absorption of the thin-walled tube structures, a bionic thin-walled tube with the same inner diameter and equal gradient of outer diameter was designed based on the structural characteristics of antler bone and the principle of structural bionics. The finite element method was used to simulate the energy absorption characteristics of 75 kinds of bionic thin-walled tube structures under the oblique impacts with the impact angles of 10°, 20° and 30°. The polynomial regression element model and multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm were used to optimize, and the Pareto front optimization principle was used to obtain the optimal allocation scheme of each target. The minimum distance selection method was used in optimization analysis to obtain the optimal structural design parameters of each scheme. The optimization method used in this study can provide reference for the follow-up research on the crashworthiness of thin-walled tubes, and the optimal structure of bionic thin-walled tubes can provide reference for practical engineering application. The results show that when only considering a single impact angle, the optimal number of biomimetic layers n is 6, and the parameter combination of maximum wall thickness and thickness gradient t_max-a is 2.84 mm-0.38 mm, 2.89 mm-0.29 mm, 2.91 mm-0.34 mm, respectively under 10°, 20° and 30° impact angles. Considering various impact angle weight factors and different configuration schemes, the optimal number of biomimetic layers n is 6, and the parameter combination of maximum wall thickness and thickness gradient t_max-a is 2.95 mm-0.28 mm, 2.92 mm-0.30 mm and 2.85 mm-0.33 mm, respectively.
- thin-walled tube /
- structural bionics /
- oblique impact /
- crashworthiness /
- multi-objective optimization

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图 1 鹿角分层结构示意图

Figure 1. Hierarchical structures of antlers

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图 2 仿生薄壁管设计

Figure 2. Design of bionic tube

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图 3 仿生薄壁管在10 m/s轴向冲击下的变形模式

Figure 3. Deformation patterns of a bionic tube under the axial impact of 10 m/s

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图 4 在186 kg的落锤下落高度为10 m的轴向冲击载荷下仿生薄壁管的力-位移曲线和吸能量-位移曲线

Figure 4. Force-displacement and energy absorption-displacement curves of the bionic tube under the axial impact of a drop hammer of 186 kg droping from the heigh of 10 m

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图 5 10°冲击下的性能指标

Figure 5. Performance indexes under 10° impact

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图 6 20°冲击下的性能指标

Figure 6. Performance indexes under 20° impact

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图 7 30°冲击下的性能指标

Figure 7. Performance indexes under 30° impact

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图 8 20°冲击下的5层结构性能指标响应面

Figure 8. Response surfaces of performance indexes of five-storeyed structures under 20° impact

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图 9 优化方法流程图

Figure 9. Flowchart of the optimization method

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图 10 不同配置方案的Pareto前沿

Figure 10. Pareto frontiers for different design case

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表 1 试验组别

Table 1. Group of test factors

因素		组别
因素		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
t_max/mm		2.80	2.80	2.80	2.80	2.80	2.85	2.85	2.85	2.85	2.85	2.9	2.90
a/mm		0.20	0.25	0.30	0.35	0.40	0.20	0.25	0.30	0.35	0.40	0.20	0.25

因素	组别
因素	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25
t_max/mm	2.90	2.90	2.90	2.95	2.95	2.95	2.95	2.95	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00
a/mm	0.30	0.35	0.40	0.20	0.25	0.30	0.35	0.40	0.20	0.25	0.30	0.35	0.40

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表 2 设计样本的拟合系数R²

Table 2. Fitting coefficient R² of design samples

性能指标	层数
	4			5			6
	10°	20°	30°	10°	20°	30°	10°	20°	30°
e	0.993 8	0.995 3	0.989 9	0.989 1	0.995 2	0.993 5	0.993 3	0.991 2	0.983 3
f	0.993 2	0.994 7	0.996 0	0.992 0	0.993 4	0.991 4	0.991 2	0.993 1	0.995 2

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表 3 不同设计方案的权重因数

Table 3. Weighting factors for different design cases

配置方案	w₁	w₂	w₃
Ⅰ	1	0	0
Ⅱ	0	1	0
Ⅲ	0	0	1
Ⅳ	1/6	1/3	1/2
Ⅴ	1/3	1/3	1/3
Ⅵ	1/2	1/3	1/6

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表 4 不同设计方案的最优结构设计参数

Table 4. Optimum structural design parameters in different design cases

配置方案	最优指标		结构设计参数				性能指标		f_i−e_i	组内排名
配置方案	e_jw	f_jw	t_max/mm	a/mm	α/(°)	n	e/(kJ·kg⁻¹)	f/kN	f_i−e_i	组内排名
Ⅰ	−0.839	0.804	2.84	0.38	10	4	36.55	75.08	0.151	3
						5	39.31	76.64	0.047	2
						6	38.50	78.65	−0.064	1
Ⅱ	−0.819	0.829	2.89	0.29	20	4	32.06	65.77	0.131	2
						5	30.72	60.39	0.244	3
						6	31.92	68.00	−0.216	1
Ⅲ	−0.803	0.846	2.91	0.34	30	4	22.07	59.25	0.266	2
						5	22.41	58.58	0.434	3
						6	21.82	59.53	−0.447	1
Ⅳ	−0.824	0.816	2.95	0.28	10	4	40.72	71.04	0.010	3
						5	42.49	74.11	−0.025	2
						6	42.44	75.26	0.024	4
					20	4	32.40	66.88	0.138	5
						5	30.80	60.95	0.242	6
						6	32.07	68.79	−0.213	1
					30	4	22.50	55.96	0.216	7
						5	22.04	57.16	0.443	9
						6	22.90	57.19	0.423	8
Ⅴ	−0.817	0.826	2.92	0.30	10	4	46.01	65.32	−0.176	2
						5	38.87	64.35	0.057	5
						6	38.42	67.75	−0.060	4
					20	4	31.47	61.47	0.090	6
						5	31.00	63.17	0.237	8
						6	36.12	58.42	−0.120	3
					30	4	23.10	52.70	0.161	7
						5	20.98	48.75	0.466	9
						6	24.71	53.39	−0.381	1
Ⅵ	−0.830	0.848	2.85	0.33	10	4	37.80	71.82	0.083	5
						5	39.05	75.32	0.053	4
						6	39.81	76.63	−0.036	3
					20	4	31.60	72.34	0.224	7
						5	32.81	62.38	0.196	6
						6	30.23	61.30	−0.255	2
					30	4	20.04	68.63	0.429	9
						5	22.79	60.95	0.425	8
						6	21.18	62.58	−0.462	1

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