Ti-6Al-4V弹体破坏模式对冲击反应的影响研究

何丽灵; 张方举; 颜怡霞; 谢若泽; 徐艾民; 周燕良

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2020-0046

Ti-6Al-4V弹体破坏模式对冲击反应的影响研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0046

何丽灵^{1, 2,},
张方举^{1, 2},
颜怡霞^{1, 2},
谢若泽^{1, 2, ,},
徐艾民^{1, 2},
周燕良¹

1.
中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所，四川绵阳 621999
2.
工程材料与结构冲击振动四川省重点实验室，四川绵阳 621999

详细信息

作者简介:
何丽灵（1984－　），女，博士，副研究员，heliling1984@139.com

通讯作者:
谢若泽（1970－　），男，硕士，研究员，xierz@caep.cn

中图分类号: O385
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-02-28
- 修回日期: 2020-08-25
- 刊出日期: 2020-12-05

Study on the impact initiated reaction of Ti-6Al-4V prejectiles by the fracture modes

HE Liling^{1, 2
,},
ZHANG Fangju^{1, 2},
YAN Yixia^{1, 2},
XIE Ruoze^{1, 2
, ,},
XU Aimin^{1, 2},
ZHOU Yanliang¹

1.
Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China
2.
Shock and Vibration of Engineering Materials and Structures Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: Ti-6Al-4V材料是武器结构轻量化时的重要替代材料，其冲击反应将可能增加战斗部毁伤威力，但目前缺乏对其冲击反应条件及反应机理的研究。本文将采用试验与理论分析方法，研究结构破坏模式对Ti-6Al-4V材料冲击反应的影响，获得其冲击反应条件及反应机理。设计并开展了钛合金弹（头部与壳体均为钛合金）与复合弹（头部碳/碳复合材料、壳体空心钛合金圆柱）正侵彻混凝土试验，撞击速度在222~1008 m/s之间。钛合金弹激发了剧烈的氧化冲击反应，但复合弹未产生冲击反应。破坏模式宏细观分析显示，钛合金弹侵彻后宏观结构基本完整，仅表面发生摩擦磨损，以细观组织剪切变形为主要失效模式，形成尺寸在微米量级至百微米量级的颗粒碎片，碎片个数可高达3×10⁶。复合弹的钛合金空心圆柱被撕裂成块，撕裂面沿剪切带方向发展，碎块尺寸在毫米或以上量级，个数至多百余个。碎片供氧和供热的效率均与碎片尺寸成反比，而特定供氧与供热条件下，碎片尺寸足够小是Ti-6Al-4V材料发生冲击反应的必要条件，这是钛合金弹发生冲击反应而钛合金空心圆柱无法激发冲击反应的本质原因。在具备冲击反应必要条件的前提下，碎片个数越多，冲击反应烈度越高。
- 冲击反应 /
- Ti-6Al-4V /
- 破坏模式 /
- 碎片尺寸/个数 /
- 供氧/供热效率 /
- 反应烈度
Abstract: Ti-6Al-4V is a kind of important alternative material for light-weight design of warhead whose impact-initiated reaction could enhance the damage power of the weapon. However, there is not enough research on the condition and mechanism of its impact-initiated reaction. Through experimental and theoretical analyses, the influences of fracture modes of Ti-6Al-4V structure on impact initiated reaction were studied in the present paper, in order to obtain the condition and mechanism of impact-initiated reaction of Ti-6Al-4V material. Two types of projectiles were designed to normally penetrate the unreinforced concrete target, i.e., the titanium projectile with ogival nose and the composite projectile with C/C nose and hollow titanium cylinder. The impact velocity followed between 222 m/s and 1008 m/s. Two projectiles exhibit different fracture modes. In the studied velocity range, there is an impact-initiated reaction during penetration for the titanium projectile, but no reaction is observed during the impact of the composite projectile. The fracture modes of the two projectiles were analyzed in the macroscopic and microscopic views. After penetration, the structure of the titanium projectile is almost intact. Only abrasion is observed on the outer-surface of the projectile. The main failure mode for abrasion is the shear deformation of its microstructure, which induces fragments with lengths in micrometers or hundreds of micrometers. The number of fragments could be up to 3 millions. For the hollow titanium cylinder in the composite projectile, it is teared up into large fragments, whose dimensions are in millimeters. The tearing surface develops along the shear band. The largest number of fragments is almost 120. Further analyses indicate that the efficiency of oxygen and heat supply is reverse proportional to the size of the fragment. Under certain oxygen and heat supply, the necessary condition to initiate the impact reaction of Ti-6Al-4V is that the size of fragments should be small enough. This must be the essential reason for the impact reaction in an ogival titanium projectile and no reaction in a composite projectile during penetration. With the necessary condition to initiate the impact reaction, the greater the number of fragments, the higher the impact reaction intensity is.
- impact-initiated reaction /
- Ti-6Al-4V /
- fracture modes /
- size/number of fragments /
- efficiency of oxygen/heat supply /
- reaction intensity

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图 1 两种试验弹结构示意图（单位：mm）

Figure 1. Schemes for two projectiles tested (unit: mm)

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图 2 试验系统

Figure 2. Layout of experimental set-up

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图 3 侵彻前后钛合金弹形状对比

Figure 3. Shape variation of titanium projectile before and after penetration test

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图 4 侵彻前后复合弹形状对比

Figure 4. Shape variation of composite projectile before and after penetration test

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图 5 钛合金弹与钛合金空心圆柱的质量损失

Figure 5. Mass loss for hollow titanium cylinders and titanium projectiles

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图 6 回收的部分钛合金空心圆柱碎片

Figure 6. Recovered fragments of the hollow titanium cylinder

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图 7 钛合金原始金相组织

Figure 7. The undeformed microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V

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图 8 钛合金弹侵彻后头部与壳体表面金相形貌（OMZ表示未变形区）

Figure 8. Metallograph of outer-surface in titanium projectile after penetration (OMZ represents origainal material zone)

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图 9 钛合金弹侵彻后头部和壳体表面剪切带金相形貌

Figure 9. Metallograph of shear band (SB) on titanium projectile after penetration

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图 10 侵彻后钛合金空心圆柱金相形貌

Figure 10. Metallograph of hollow titanium cylinder after penetration

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图 11 钛合金弹与钛合金空心圆柱的碎片个数

Figure 11. Number of fragments for titanium projectiles and hollow titanium cylinders

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表 1 弹靶几何尺寸

Table 1. Dimensions for projectiles and target

类别	直径/mm	长度/mm	质量/g
钛合金弹	25.3	180.8	220
复合弹	25.3	206.0	183
混凝土靶	500.0	400.0	−

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表 2 钛合金弹侵彻试验结果

Table 2. Experimental results for titanium projectiles

弹号	原始弹直径/ mm	原始弹长度/ mm	原始弹质量/ g	实测弹速/ (m·s⁻¹)	试后弹质量/ g	试后弹长/ mm	弹坑尺寸/mm
弹号	原始弹直径/ mm	原始弹长度/ mm	原始弹质量/ g	实测弹速/ (m·s⁻¹)	试后弹质量/ g	试后弹长/ mm	a	b	c
A01	25.26	180.80	220.4	364	219.0	180.7	200	162	83
A02	25.23	180.98	219.8	423	217.4	181.1	320	290	95
A05	25.24	180.84	220.3	591	216.6	178.8	390	310	130
A04	25.26	180.97	221.4	601	217.0	179.3	420	300	120
A07	25.22	180.82	219.5	772	−	−	碎散	碎散	碎散
A08	25.24	180.80	220.7	811	212.3	177.0	碎散	碎散	碎散
A12	25.24	180.90	220.5	941	209.4	174.2	碎散	碎散	碎散
A11	25.24	180.78	220.6	945	207.6	171.7	碎散	碎散	碎散
注：（1）a表示靶面弹坑最长长度，b表示弹坑最短长度，c表示弹坑深度；（2）A07弹未找到。

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表 3 复合弹侵彻试验结果

Table 3. Experimental results for composite projectile

弹号	原始弹直径/ mm	原始弹长度/ mm	原始弹质量/ g	钛合金空心圆柱质量/g	实测弹速/ (m·s⁻¹)	试后弹质量/ g	试后弹长/ mm	弹坑尺寸/mm
弹号	原始弹直径/ mm	原始弹长度/ mm	原始弹质量/ g	钛合金空心圆柱质量/g	实测弹速/ (m·s⁻¹)	试后弹质量/ g	试后弹长/ mm	a	b	c
B03	25.25	206.12	183.50	132.20	222	143.0	149.9	无弹坑	无弹坑	无弹坑
B02	25.26	205.74	183.20	131.90	282	132.0	148.1	65	45	4
B01	25.22	205.86	181.70	130.00	341	113.7	134.1	80	60	3
B05	25.27	206.12	184.00	132.80	424	115.6	133.2	160	135	22
B06	25.24	206.32	183.40	132.20	516	105.1	129.0	120	105	33
B04	25.23	205.76	182.00	130.60	574	85.5	106.9	180	155	35
B08	25.24	206.00	182.80	131.80	681	68.7	77.2	230	200	45
B11	25.21	205.96	181.80	131.10	719	72.3	80.2	250	250	45
B09	25.24	206.10	183.50	132.30	813	59.3	82.0	240	230	63
B07	25.23	205.84	181.60	130.70	857	49.0	63.7	300	260	70
B10	25.25	205.86	182.90	131.50	1008	40.4	52.3	290	240	90

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表 4 同时刻不同着靶速度时钛合金弹撞击混凝土靶的高速摄影图像对比

Table 4. High-speed photographies for titanium projectiles penetrating into concrete target at different impact velocities

时间/μs	A01	A02	A05	A04	A07	A08	A12	A11
时间/μs	364 m/s	423 m/s	591 m/s	601 m/s	772 m/s	811 m/s	941 m/s	945 m/s
0
40
100
200
400
800
1200

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表 5 同时刻不同着靶速度时复合弹撞击混凝土靶的高速摄影图像对比

Table 5. High-speed photographies for composite projectiles penetrating into concrete target at different impact velocities

时间/μs	B03	B02	B01	B05	B06	B04	B08	B07	B10
时间/μs	222 m/s	282 m/s	341 m/s	424 m/s	516 m/s	574 m/s	681 m/s	857 m/s	1 008 m/s
0
40
100
200
400
800

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