Effects of gap on the explosive loading process of tin
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摘要: 采用高能炸药透过钢板对锡样品开展爆轰加载实验，并通过数值模拟对实验结果进行验证，分析不同间隙对爆轰加载过程的影响。研究结果表明：亚毫米级别的样品间隙能对实验结果会产生显著影响；一方面锡样品与钢层间的间隙将导致冲击波在间隙表面发生强反射，反射稀疏波在钢层与炸药界面再次反射形成较强的后续压缩冲击波，进而导致锡样品的加载压力显著升高，另一方面，金属层间与炸药间的间隙将导致加载压力降低；相较于金属层间与炸药间的间隙，锡样品与钢层间的间隙对加载影响更严重，并且随着间隙尺寸变化，两种情况中间隙影响的变化趋势也有所差异。Abstract: To analyse the effect of gaps on the explosive loading process, we carried out an experiment by using high explosive to genarate a detonation impact on a tin sample through a piece of steel and tested the experimental results with a numerical simulation. Then, we explored variation of impacts due to different gap sizes with further numerical studies. The research shows that gaps of even sub-milimeter can emerge an obvious influence on the experimental results. The gap between the tin sample and the steel layer will lead to a stronger reflection of shock wave on the gap surface than that of the case with no gap, and the reflective rarefaction wave will reflect again at the interface between the steel layer and the high explosive to form a strong subsequent compression shock wave, which will lead to the significant increase of the loading pressure on the tin sample. On the other hand, the gap between the metal layer and the high explosive will lead to a certain extent decrease in loading pressure due to pressure release. Compared with the gap between metal layer and high explosive, the gap between tin sample and steel layer has a more serious effect on loading process. In addition, with the increase of gap size, the variation trend of gap effect is also different in the two cases.
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Key words:
- gap effect /
- inner mechanism /
- tin /
- explosive loading
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图 2 锡样品自由面不同位置的速度曲线
Figure 2. Velocity histories at different positions at the Sn sample free surface
图 3 中能X光照相结果（t=24 μs）
Figure 3. X-ray radiograph of Sn sample under explosive loading at 24 μs
图 5 大气压作用下钢层将发生变形并与锡样品和炸药发生脱离的示意图
Figure 5. Illustration of steel layer deformation and separation from the tin sample and explosive under atmospheric pressure
图 6 爆轰加载锡样品过程的特征线
Figure 6. Characteristic lines showing the loading process of the tin sample by detonation
图 9 物质空间分布的比较（t=24 μs）
Figure 9. Comparison of space distribution of materials at 24 μs
图 11 不同的间隙对锡样品自由面速度和加载压力的影响
Figure 11. Effects of different gaps on velocity and loading pressure at the free surface of the Sn sample
表 1 金属Steinberg-Guinan本构参数
Table 1. Parameters of metals in the Steinberg-Guinan constitutive relation
材料 ${G_0}{\rm{/GPa}}$ ${Y_0}{\rm{/GPa}}$ ${Y_{\max }}{\rm{/GPa}}$ $\beta $ η ${G'_{\rm{p}}}$ ${G'_{\rm{T} } }{\rm{/(MPa \cdot K^{-1})} }$ ${Y'_{\rm{p}}}$ ${T_{{\rm{m0}}}}{\rm{/K}}$ Sn 17.9 0.16 0.22 2 000 0.06 1.55 −37.95 0.013 9 656.6 304钢 77 0.34 2.5 43 0.35 1.74 −35.04 0.007 68 2 380 注：Tm0为融化温度 
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表 2 金属Mie-Grüneisen状态方程参数
Table 2. Parameters of metals in the Mie-Grüneisen equation of state
材料 ${\rho _0}$/(g∙cm−3) ${c_0}$/(m∙s−1) ${s_1}$ $\gamma $ Sn 7.287 2 590 1.49 2.27 304 7.9 4 570 1.338 1.93
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