高温空气下C/SiC复合材料断裂韧性实时测试和微观结构表征分析

陈伟华; 王丽燕; 张晗翌; 李冠姝; 迟蓬涛; 马静

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2020-0104

高温空气下C/SiC复合材料断裂韧性实时测试和微观结构表征分析

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0104

1.
中国运载火箭技术研究院空间物理重点实验室，北京 100076
2.
哈尔滨工业大学化工学院，黑龙江哈尔滨 150001
3.
首都航天机械有限公司，北京 100076

详细信息

通讯作者:
陈伟华（1984－　），男，硕士，高级工程师，veihua1984@163.com

中图分类号: O346.1；TB332
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-04-08
- 修回日期: 2020-08-14
- 网络出版日期: 2021-03-05
- 刊出日期: 2021-04-14

In-situ measurements of fracture toughness and microstructure characterization of C/SiC composites at elevated temperatures in air

1.
Science and Technology on Space Physics Laboratory, China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Beijing 100076, China
2.
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
3.
Capital Aerospace Machinery Limited Company, Beijing 100076, China

摘要

摘要: 为了研究高温空气下C/SiC复合材料断裂韧性和微观结构，采用单边切口梁三点弯曲法实时测试了C/SiC复合材料在高温空气下的断裂韧性，并采用电子扫描显微镜 (scanning electron microscope，SEM)和X 射线衍射分析仪 (X-ray diffraction, XRD)分析了复合材料在不同温度下的破坏断口和失效机制。研究结果表明随测试温度升高，C/SiC复合材料断裂韧性降低，材料的断裂形式由脆性断裂逐渐演变成塑性断裂。从室温升温到1 000 ℃测试温度条件下，C/SiC复合材料的断裂韧性由12.5 MPa·m^1/2降低为10.96 MPa·m^1/2，降幅仅为12%，C/SiC复合材料高温断裂韧性良好。不同温度下，材料呈现出不同形式的断裂形貌。常温下断口形貌主要可以看到纤维拔出的现象，随着温度的升高，该现象基本消失，断裂截面变得更平整，材料的强度主要取决于基体的强度。
- C/SiC复合材料 /
- 断裂韧性 /
- 微观结构 /
- 实时测量 /
- 高温空气
Abstract: To study the fracture toughness and microstructure of C/SiC composites at elevated temperature in air, the fracture toughness of C/SiC composites at elevated temperature in air was in-situ measured by SENB (single edge notch beam) under TPB (three point bending) method. The fracture and failure mechanism of the composites at different temperatures were analyzed by SEM (scanning electron microscope) and XRD (X-ray diffraction). The results show that with the increase of temperature, the fracture toughness of C/SiC composites decreases, and the fracture mode gradually changes from brittle fracture to plastic fracture. The fracture toughness of C/SiC composites decreases from 12.504 MPa·m^1/2 to 10.958 MPa·m^1/2 with a reduction of 12% from room temperature to 1 000 °C. The material exhibits a good high-temperature fracture toughness. Under different temperatures, the material exhibits different modes of fracture morphology. At the normal temperature, the fracture morphology can mainly show the phenomenon of fiber pull-out. With the increase of temperature, the phenomenon basically disappears, the fracture cross section becomes flatter, and the strength of the material mainly depends on the strength of the substrate.
- C/SiC composites /
- fracture toughness /
- microstructure /
- in-situ measurements /
- elevated temperature in air

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图 1 断裂韧性测试示意图

Figure 1. Diagram of fracture toughness test

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图 2 试验系统

Figure 2. Test system

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图 3 试验前后样品

Figure 3. Sample before and after the test

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图 4 常温下C/SiC复合材料的微观形貌

Figure 4. Microscopic morphologies of C/SiC composites at 25 °C

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图 5 不同温度下复合材料的XRD谱

Figure 5. XRD patterns of composites at different temperatures

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图 6 不同温度下复合材料的XRD局部放大图

Figure 6. XRD partial enlargement of composite materials at different temperatures

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图 7 C/SiC复合材料热重曲线

Figure 7. Thermogravimetric curve of C/SiC composites

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图 8 不同温度下材料断裂韧性的载荷-位移曲线

Figure 8. Load-displacement curves of fracture toughness of composites at different temperatures

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图 9 复合材料不同温度下的断裂韧性

Figure 9. Fracture toughness of composites at different temperatures

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图 10 断裂韧性测试后样品能谱图

Figure 10. Spectral energy spectra of composite fracture toughness test

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图 11 复合材料断裂韧性测试后样品的XRD谱图

Figure 11. XRD pattern of samples after fracture toughness test of composites

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图 12 常温下断裂测试断口微观形貌

Figure 12. Fracture microscopic topography at normal temperature

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图 13 高温下断裂韧性测试后的断口微观形貌

Figure 13. Fracture micromorphology after fracture toughness test at elevated temperatures

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表 1 25 °C时EDS能谱

Table 1. EDS energy at 25 °C

元素质量百分比/% 原子百分比/%

C, K 78.56 86.47
Si, K 11.79 5.55
O, K 9.65 7.98
总计 100.00 100.00

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表 2 800 °C时EDS能谱

Table 2. EDS energy at 800 °C

元素质量百分比/% 原子百分比/%

C, K 18.84 20.12
Si, K 46.69 30.87
O, K 34.48 40.02
总计 100.00 100.00

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表 3 1000 °C时EDS能谱

Table 3. EDS energy at 1000 °C

元素质量百分比/% 原子百分比/%

Si, K 33.80 47.27
O, K 66.20 52.73
总计 100.00 100.00

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