水下爆炸中气泡射流壁压特性实验研究

崔雄伟; 陈莹玉; 苏标; 马春龙

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2020-0106

水下爆炸中气泡射流壁压特性实验研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0106

崔雄伟^1,,
陈莹玉^1, ,,
苏标¹,
马春龙^{2, 3}

1.
哈尔滨工程大学船舶工程学院，黑龙江哈尔滨 150001
2.
哈尔滨工程大学机电工程学院，黑龙江哈尔滨 150001
3.
哈尔滨职业技术学院汽车学院，黑龙江哈尔滨 150001

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51779056）；四川省科技厅重点研发项目（2018GZ0514）

详细信息

作者简介:
崔雄伟（1988－　），男，博士，讲师，Xiongwei_Cui@hrbeu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
陈莹玉（1991－　），女，博士，讲师，chenyingyu@hrbeu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O382.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-04-08
- 修回日期: 2020-09-16
- 刊出日期: 2020-11-05

Characteristics of wall pressure generated by bubble jets in an underwater explosion

CUI Xiongwei^1
,,
CHEN Yingyu^{1
, ,},
SU Biao¹,
MA Chunlong^{2, 3}

1.
College of Shipbuilding Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
2.
College of Mechanical and Electrical, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
3.
Automobile College, Harbin Vocational & Technical College, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China

摘要

摘要: 水下爆炸气泡射流载荷是中近场水下爆炸壁压载荷的重要组成部分, 将水下爆炸气泡射流简化为一段高速水柱来研究水下爆炸气泡射流载荷特性是研究水下爆炸气泡射流载荷的主要手段。本文基于腔内爆炸提出了一种新的高速水射流实验方法，并给出了实验装置设计、实验方法以及实验系统。基于实验系统，开展了不同工况下高速水射流的实验研究，研究了腔口位置、腔深对水射流形态的影响，并对水射流的形态形成因素进行了分析。使用压电型壁压传感器测得了水射流冲击壁压，给出了水射流冲击壁压的特性及其特点。实验结果表明：腔口位置与腔深是影响水射流端面形态的重要因素；生成的高速水射流冲击壁压峰值满足水锤理论。基于腔内爆炸的高速水射流实验方法能够应用于包括水下爆炸气泡射流在内的高速水射流形态、壁压特性的研究。
- 水下爆炸 /
- 气泡射流 /
- 高速水射流 /
- 壁压测量 /
- 水锤理论
Abstract: The loading of bubble jet is an important part of the whole loading induced by the middle-field and near-field underwater explosion. Due to the fact that the period of the bubble jet is extremely short and the jet occurs inside the complicated underwater explosion bubble, it is hard to investigate the bubble jet through the direct underwater explosion bubble. Therefore, simplifying underwater explosion bubble jet into a high-speed water column has been widely adopted by many researchers to investigate the bubble jet. Based on the in-cavity explosion, a new high-speed water jet experimental methodology was proposed, and the experimental device design, method and system were presented as well. The details about how to carry out the pertinent experiments were also illustrated. Based on the proposed experimental system, the experimental research on high-speed water jet under different conditions were carried out. It is found that the shapes of the generated high-speed water jet vary with the outlet position and the depth of the cavity. Three experiments with three different cavity depths but same outlet position, and other two experiments with same cavity depth but different outlet positions were carried out. According to the results, the shape of the water jet generated in the experiments with short cavity depth and surface-above outlet position cannot meet the requirements of the investigation. The influence of outlet position and depth of the cavity on the shape of the water jet was investigated and the mechanism of the water jet shape was analyzed. According to the requirements of the investigation of the bubble jet wall pressure, the adoptable outlet position and cavity depth were got. In the experiments, the piezoelectric wall pressure sensor was used to measure the wall pressure of the water jet. The whole water jet wall pressure can be divided into two phases: the initial impact pressure period and the later hydrodynamical pressure period. According to the results, the outlet position and the depth of the cavity are the two main factors affecting on the shape of the water jet. The initial impact pressure of the water jet meets the water hammer theory. The proposed water jet experimental methodology based on the in-cavity explosion can be used to investigate the shape of the high-speed water jet and wall pressure characteristics including the underwater explosion bubble jet.
- underwater explosion /
- bubble jet /
- high-speed water jet /
- wall pressure measurement /
- water hammer theory

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图 1 高速水射流生成示意图

Figure 1. Diagrammatic sketch of the generation of high-speed water jet

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图 2 高速水射流实验装置

Figure 2. Experimental apparatus of the high-speed water jet generation

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图 3 高速水射流实验设置

Figure 3. Set-up of high-speed water jet experiments

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图 4 高速水射流实验系统

Figure 4. Experimental configuration of high-speed water jet system

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图 5 工况SZP1高速水柱运动形态

Figure 5. Morphology evolution of the high-speed water column with case SZP1

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图 6 工况SZP1高速水柱运动形态示意图

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of the high-speed water column morphology with case SZP1

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图 7 工况SZP2水柱运动形态

Figure 7. Morphology evolution of the high-speed water column with case SZP2

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图 8 工况SZP2高速水柱运动形态示意图

Figure 8. Schematic diagram of the high speed water column morphology with case SZP2

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图 9 3种腔深圆管

Figure 9. Three kinds of tubes with different lengths

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图 10 工况SZP3高速水柱运动形态

Figure 10. Morphology evolution of the high-speed water column with case SZP3

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图 11 工况SZP4高速水柱运动形态

Figure 11. Morphology evolution of the high-speed water column with case SZP4

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图 12 实验SZM1水柱运动图像

Figure 12. Morphology evolution of the high-speed water column with test SZM1

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图 13 实验SZM1高速水射流冲击壁压

Figure 13. Pressure generated by high-speed water impact with test SZM1

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图 14 工况SZM2水柱运动形态

Figure 14. Morphology evolution of the high speed water column with test SZM2

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图 15 工况SZM3水柱运动形态

Figure 15. Morphology evolution of the high speed water column with test SZM3

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图 16 实验SZM2、SZM3高速水射流冲击壁压

Figure 16. Pressure generated by the high speed water impact with test SZM2 and SZM3

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表 1 高速水射流形态

Table 1. Morphology of the high speed water column

腔口位置	腔深/mm	高速水射流形态
腔口高于水面	−	高速水射流端面中部形成尖突
腔口低于水面	75	水柱长度较短，且在后期受到爆炸气体产物喷出的影响，水柱出现破碎
腔口低于水面	150	水射流水柱存在间断，且水柱表面存在破碎，高速水射流端面呈现椭球形曲面
腔口低于水面	300	水柱较长、连续性较好、水柱表面较光滑，高速水射流端面呈现椭球形曲面

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表 2 实验SZM1水柱端面位置

Table 2. Position of the head face of water column with test SZM1

采样时间/ms	水柱端面位置/mm
−1.20	−12.85
−0.08	−8.55
−0.04	−4.30
0	0

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表 3 工况SZM2、SZM3水柱端面位置

Table 3. Position of the head face of water column with tests SZM2 and SZM3

采样时间/ms	水柱端面位置/mm
采样时间/ms	SZM2	SZM3
−1.20	−12.80	−12.75
−0.08	−8.53	−8.50
−0.04	−4.25	−4.30
0	0	0

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表 4 实验SZM1、SZM2、SZM3初始水锤压力峰值对比

Table 4. Comparison of initial water hammer pressure peaks with tests SZM1, SZM2 and SZM3

实验	冲击速度/ （m·s⁻¹）	理论峰值/ MPa	实测峰值/ MPa	相对误差/ %
SZM1	107.0	80.25	77.5	3.43
SZM2	106.5	79.88	74.3	7.00
SZM3	106.0	79.50	76.0	4.40
平均	106.5	79.88	75.9	4.98

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