镁合金弹丸10 km/s撞击铝靶成坑特性实验

王马法; 周智炫; 黄洁; 罗庆; 龙耀; 焦德志; 柳森

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2020-0129

镁合金弹丸10 km/s撞击铝靶成坑特性实验

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0129

中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所，四川绵阳 621000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11802330）

详细信息

作者简介:
王马法（1986－　），男，博士，助理研究员，fujianwmf@163.com

通讯作者:
柳　森（1967－　），男，博士，研究员，hvi@cardc.cn

中图分类号: O385
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-05-06
- 修回日期: 2020-09-03
- 网络出版日期: 2021-03-05
- 刊出日期: 2021-05-05

Experiment on crater characteristics of aluminium targets impacted by magnesium projectiles at velocities of about 10 km/s

Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,Mianyang 621000, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 为获得10 km/s超高速撞击成坑特性，采用内爆发射器开展了长径比l/d_p为1/2、直径d_p为0.8 cm的镁合金弹丸撞击厚5 cm铝靶的超高速撞击实验，获得了铝靶的撞击成坑尺寸和形貌特性，结合文献数据，分析了成坑形貌与8 km/s以下速度撞击坑的差异和弹丸长径比、速度、动能对成坑尺寸的影响。结果表明：典型的撞击坑不仅包含中心成坑区，还包含了破坏区，成坑区近似半球形弹坑，破坏区为自由表面剥落形成的浅坑；坑深P_c/d_p为1.5～2.0，坑径d_c/d_p为3～3.5，坑形系数P_c/d_c为0.50，成坑效率E/V_c均值为3.74 kJ/cm³；对于l/d_p≤1的弹丸，采用等效直径对坑深进行归一化，归一化后坑深与长径比无关，与速度的2/3次幂成线性关系。
- 成坑特性 /
- 碰撞实验 /
- 镁合金弹丸 /
- 铝靶
Abstract: Crater characteristics formed by the impact of the 5 cm thick Al 6061 targets with magnesium projectiles with length-diameter ratio l/d_p=1/2 and diameter d_p=0.8 cm at velocity of 10 km/s were investigated. The implosion-driven launcher designed by McGill University was manufactured by China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center. Eight experiments were carried out and the obtained maximal projectile velocities were in the range of 9.36−11.43 km/s. The profiles and flight attitude of projectile were snapped by use of the sequence laser shadowgraph imaging instrument. The results show that the projectiles deform obviously during the launching period in some experiments, but more than half projectiles could hold the initial shape well. Craters on targets were recovered and analyzed. A shallow damage area appeared around the semi-spherical crater. Such crater feature was compared with those craters impacted at velocity lower than 8 km/s in literatures and from other experiments with different projectile materials and aluminum types of targets. Typical dimensions of craters were measured. The crater depths P_c/d_p was 1.5−2.0, crater diameters d_c/d_p was 3.0−3.5, crater-shape coefficient P_c/d_c was about 0.50 and cratering efficiency E/V_c was about 3.74 kJ/cm³. Finally, the influences of l/d_p, impact velocity and energy of projectiles on crater dimensions were analyzed along with the experimental data from literatures. An effective diameter of cylindrical projectile was proposed to reduce the effect of l/d_p on the crater depth. And a crater depth formula of aluminum targets impacted by projectiles with different materials and velocities were fitted. Results show that the typical impact crater should not only be the central semi-sphere crater, but also contain shallow damage area formed by surface spallation. The type of target material influences the carter feature significantly. However, the projectile material and flight attitude have little influence on the crater feature. As for projectiles with l/d_p≤1, the crater depth normalized by effective diameter would not vary with l/d_p, but correlate with the impact velocity in form of 2/3 power law.
- crater characteristics /
- impact experiment /
- magnesium alloy projectile /
- thick aluminium target

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图 1 实验布局

Figure 1. Experimental setup

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图 2 发射器结构

Figure 2. Structure of implosion-driven launcher

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图 3 弹丸的激光阴影成像照片

Figure 3. Photos of projectiles by laser shadowgraph imaging instrument

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图 4 成坑形貌

Figure 4. Crater shapes after experiments

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图 5 成坑区和破坏区划分

Figure 5. Crater area and damage area

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图 6 铝靶的典型成坑形貌

Figure 6. Crater layouts of aluminum targets

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图 7 撞击坑切面形貌

Figure 7. Cross-sections of impact craters

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图 8 坑深、坑径、坑形系数和成坑效率

Figure 8. Crater depth, crater diameter, crater-shape coefficient and cratering efficiency

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图 9 坑深与速度2/3次幂的关系

Figure 9. Relationships between crater depths and 2/3 powers of impact velocity

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图 10 等效直径归一化坑深与撞击速度的关系

Figure 10. Relationships between normalized crater depths by effective diameter and impact velocities

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表 1 激光测速系统测得的弹丸速度

Table 1. Projectile velocities by laser velocimeters

实验	v_1-2/(km∙s⁻¹)	v_2-3/(km∙s⁻¹)	v_3-4/(km∙s⁻¹)	v_4-5/(km∙s⁻¹)	v/(km∙s⁻¹)	误差/%
ILT08		9.56	9.73	9.60	9.73	1.7
ILT09		10.28	10.27	10.28	10.28	0.1
ILT11		9.36	9.26		9.36	1.1
ILT12	9.77	9.74	9.75	9.77	9.77	0.3
ILT22	9.76	9.68	9.67		9.76	0.9
ILT24	10.18	10.14	10.13		10.18	0.5
ILT25	10.20	10.14	10.14		10.20	0.6
ILT28	11.43	11.39	11.38		11.43	0.4

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表 2 成坑尺寸测量结果

Table 2. Results of crater sizes

实验	D_s/cm	d_c/cm	P_c/cm	P_c/d_c
ILT08	3.5	2.5	1.4	0.56
ILT09	3.7	2.6	1.3	0.50
ILT11	3.4	2.5	1.2	0.48
ILT12	3.6	2.4	1.2	0.50
ILT22	3.3	2.5	1.3	0.52
ILT24	3.5	2.6	1.4	0.54
ILT25	3.7	2.8	1.4	0.50
ILT28	3.7	2.8	1.6	0.57

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