Continuous resistance test method in determining the attitude of flyer plate driven by sliding detonation
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摘要: 飞板运动姿态的测定是爆炸焊接机理研究的基础，针对传统电测方法存在干扰因素多、易产生弯曲波等缺陷，设计了一种适用于野外大当量下爆炸焊接飞板姿态实验的连续电阻测试方法。研制了3种不同结构的梯形支架型连续电阻探针元件，利用有限元程序分析了探针的导通压力和响应时间，在此基础上，对3种探针实施了爆炸焊接实验，实验结果表明：金属丝网型探针元件具有最优的导通效果，各段测试曲线光滑无毛刺。以该探针数据计算获得了待测飞板的运动姿态曲线，并与Richter简化模型下的近似计算公式结果进行了对比，两者基本一致。所述测试方法实现了炸药爆速和飞板变形曲线的连续、可靠和快速测量，为滑移爆轰驱动问题、爆轰产物状态方程等的研究提供了测试方法补充。Abstract: The attitude measurement of a flyer plate is the basis for explosive welding mechanism study. Besides, the key parameters affecting the quality of explosive welding products in the actual explosive processing, including the collision point velocity, the dynamic angle of collision and the impact velocity of the flyer plate, must be determined on the premise by measuring the deformation curve of the flyer plate. Despite the readily available device and convenient operation, the measuring process of the traditional electrical method is easily disturbed by external uncertain factors, and susceptible to bending waves generated by the resistance wire itself. In view of the above shortcomings, a velocity probe-based method was innovatively developed for determining the flyer plate motion of explosive welding in the field. First of all, a velocity probe-based test device, which can effectively suppress the generation and influence of electromagnetic radiation, metal jet and bending wave, was designed and the geometric relationship between the probe data and the flyer plate motion curve was established. After that, three types of trapezoidal velocity probes with different structures were developed, whose conducting pressure and response time were analyzed by the finite element program. Based on the analysis results, two sets of explosive welding experiments were carried out for the three types of probes. The experimental results show that the test performance of the first type (without conducting medium) and the second type (threaded wire type) are not ideal, and there are a lot of data oscillation in the test curves, while the third type of probes (metal mesh type) overcomes the shortcomings of the above two types of probes, whose test curves are smooth without oscillation. The motion attitude curve of the flyer plate was then obtained based on the results of the metal mesh probe, which was in good agreement with the calculation results by Richter's simplified model. The present test method makes it possible to determine detonation velocity and flyer plate attitude continuously, reliably and rapidly, which provides a supplement for the study of the driving problem of sliding detonation and the equation of state of detonation products.
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图 1 基于梯形连续电阻探针的飞板运动姿态测试系统
Figure 1. Schematic representation of the test system to determine the attitude of the flyer plate based on the trapezoidal continuous resistance probe
图 2 连续电阻探针测试系统的电路原理图
Figure 2. Circuit diagram of the continuous resistance probe-based measuring system
图 3 连续电阻探针与飞板姿态的几何关系示意图
Figure 3. Geometric relation between the continuous resistance probe and the flyer plate
图 4 不同导通媒介的梯形连续电阻探针元件
Figure 4. Trapezidal continuous resistance probes with different conducting media
图 5 金属丝网型探针内部结构示意图
Figure 5. Schematic illustration of the metal mesh type trapezoidal continuous resistance probe
图 6 螺齿型探针的导通过程模拟
Figure 6. Simulation on the conduction process of the screw tooth probe
图 7 3种不同结构探针记录的碰撞点时程曲线
Figure 7. Time history curves of impacting points recorded by three probes with different structures
图 8 由金属网型探针实验数据确定的飞板运动姿态
Figure 8. The attitude of flyer plate determined by the experimental data of metal mesh probe
图 9 飞板变形曲线的实验结果与理论模型结果对比
Figure 9. Comparison between experimental results and theoretical model results of fly plate deformation curves
表 1 爆炸焊接实验装置尺寸
Table 1. Device parameters of the explosive welding test
长l1/mm 宽b/mm 基板厚δ1/mm 复板厚δ2/mm 架高hw/mm 炸药厚δ0/mm 支架上边长l2/mm 支架厚δ3/mm 斜边倾角βw/(°) 800 200 2 2 20 20 100 6 45 
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表 2 导通模拟中的主要材料参数
Table 2. Material parameters used in the conduction simulation
部件（材料） 密度ρ/（g·cm−3） 剪切模量G/GPa Johnson-Cook参数 A/GPa B/GPa n C m 螺齿（4340钢） 7.83 77 0.792 0.510 0.26 0.014 1.03 电阻丝/铜管（OFHC铜） 8.96 46 0.090 0.292 0.31 0 1.09 漆包层（聚氨酯） 1.25 3.0
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表 3 导通模拟中的主要Grüneisen参数
Table 3. Main Grüneisen parameters in the conduction simulation
部件（材料） 声速c/（km·s−1） 系数γ0 S1 S2 S3 a 螺齿（4340钢） 4.578 1.67 1.330 0 0 0.46 电阻丝/铜管（OFHC铜） 3.940 2.02 1.489 0 0 0.47 漆包层（聚氨酯） 1.933 0.61 3.490 0 0 0
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表 4 金属网型连续电阻探针的导通响应时间
Table 4. Response time of the metal mesh velocity probe
外界作用压力pm /GPa 最大螺齿速度vT/（m∙s−1） 导通响应时间Δt/μs 外界作用压力pm /GPa 最大螺齿速度vT/（m∙s−1） 导通响应时间Δt/μs 0.05 12.9 1.140 1 187.3 0.200 0.1 49.8 0.680 2 253.6 0.160 0.2 60.4 0.460 5 311.0 0.104 0.5 138.2 0.280 10 475.0 0.076
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表 5 飞板与梯形支架平行段、基板表面的碰撞点速度
Table 5. Collision point velocity between flyer plate and parallel section of trapezoidal support and surface of base plate
实验编号 位置 碰撞点速度vc/(km·s-1) 拟合度 No.JSW-1 支架平行段 2.294 1 0.999 9 基板表面 2.265 8 0.996 4 No.JSW-2 支架平行段 2.312 9 0.999 7 基板表面 2.325 4 0.999 6
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