Numerical study on the fracture mechanism of electron beam controlled projectile based on micro modeling
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摘要: 为研究电子束预控弹体的破裂机理。提出了基于电子束预控弹体细观几何特性的参数化建模方法，建立了含基体、熔融区、过渡区和空腔区弹体的三维有限元模型，采用LS-DYNA软件对典型弹体的爆炸驱动和破裂过程进行了数值模拟分析。结果表明：电子束预控弹体破裂过程可分为：弹体膨胀后的空腔区在环向拉应力作用下产生拉伸断裂、过渡区产生裂纹扩展和拉伸断裂以及空腔区底部基体在两侧拉应力和底部压应力作用下产生与弹体内壁法线呈45°的剪切破坏3个阶段。数值模拟结果与回收的破片截面形状和破坏模式吻合较好。研究结果对电子束预控弹体破片成型控制具有参考价值。Abstract: In order to study the fracture mechanism of the projectile melted by the electron beam, a parameterized modeling method based on the micromechanical characteristics of the projectile was proposed. Scanning electron microscope and hardness tester were used to accurately obtain the characteristics of the electron beam melted zone. The typical electron beam controlled area was composed of the melting zone, the transition zone, the hollow zone and the matrix zone. Three hypotheses were proposed based on the mesoscopic characteristics of the electron beam controlled projectile. First, the structural characteristic parameters of the electron beam controlled projectile were summarized. Second, diamond-shaped finite element mesh elements were constructed through translation nodes. Third, the electron beam controlled pattern was constructed by combining diamond-shaped finite elements. Finally, the materials of melting zone and transition zone are defined, and finite elements of the hollow zone were deleted. A three-dimensional finite element model of the projectile with matrix, melting zone, transition zone and hollow zone was established. The explosion driving and fracture process of the typical projectile was simulated and analyzed by LS-DYNA software. The results show that the fracture process of the projectile can be divided into three stages: the tensile fracture in the hollow zone after the expansion of the projectile under the action of the circumferential tensile stress; the crack propagation and tensile fracture in the transition area; and the shear failure of the matrix at the bottom of the cavity area under the action of the tensile stress at both sides and the compressive stress at the bottom, which is 45° to the normal of the inner wall of the projectile. The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the recovered fragment section shape and failure mode. The research results are of reference value to the forming control of projectile fragments by electron beam controlled.
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图 3 硬度值沿纵横向距离的关系
Figure 3. Relationship of hardness value along the vertical and horizontal distance
图 4 典型电子束预控弹体的几何特征参数
Figure 4. Geometric characteristic parameters of typical electron beam controlled projectile
图 9 电子束预控弹体离散化模型
Figure 9. Finite element model of electron beam controlled projectile
图 10 典型电子束预控弹体和选取的局部区域
Figure 10. The typical electron beam controlled projectile and the selected local area
图 11 电子束预控弹体不同计算时刻应力云图
Figure 11. Contours of Pressure of electron beam controlled projectile with different time
图 14 12 μs时刻预控破片截面图像与回收破片截面
Figure 14. Section image of controlled fragments at 12 μs and section of recycled fragment
表 1 测量的硬度值
Table 1. Measured hardness value
区域 维氏硬度 横向 410 410 425 415 413 406 369 324 330 369 376 — 纵向 391 391 386 392 403 — 基体 366 361 372 — — — 
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