Research on the effect of wearing equipment on occupant injury under vertical impact
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摘要: 军事人员在战斗中需要穿戴装备，穿戴装备后对车内乘员承受车辆底部爆炸垂向冲击时的损伤有影响。通过垂向冲击试验与仿真模拟的方法，研究了穿戴装备在身上的分布对于乘员损伤的影响。根据AEP55乘员伤害准则，以盆骨z向加速度和腰椎轴向力为乘员损伤的参考目标，首先通过垂向冲击试验的进行，研究了不同穿戴装备质量对于乘员损伤的影响；接着通过有限元模型对试验进行验证和优化，进而研究穿戴装备位置与松紧度对于垂向冲击下乘员损伤的影响。结果表明随着穿戴装备质量的增加，乘员腰椎损伤加重，脊柱损伤概率减小；装备分布在躯干位置越靠近上部，与身体接触松紧度越紧，乘员腰椎与脊柱的负荷越小，越不易受伤。Abstract: Military personnels need to wear equipment in combat, which will affect the damage to the occupants of the vehicle when they are subjected to the vertical impact of the explosion at the bottom of the vehicle. Through the method of vertical impact test and simulation, the influence of the distribution of the wearable equipment on the occupant injury is studied in the three directions of the weight of the wearable equipment, the position of the wearable equipment, and the tightness of the contact between the wearable equipment and the body. According to the AEP55 occupant injury criterion, the pelvic z-direction acceleration and the axial force of the lumbar spine are the reference targets for occupant injury. First, through the vertical impact test, the impact of different wearing equipment weight on occupant injury is studied; then the finite element model is used. The test is verified and optimized, and the influence of the position and tightness of the worn equipment on the occupant damage under vertical impact is studied. The results show that as the weight of wearing equipment increases, the lumbar spine injury of the occupant increases, and the probability of spinal injury decreases; the closer the equipment is to the upper part of the torso, the tighter the contact with the body, the smaller the load on the lumbar spine and the spine of the occupant, the less likely to be injured. On the contrary, the closer the equipment is to the upper part of the trunk, the tighter the contact with the body, the greater the load on the lumbar and spine of the occupant, the more likely to be injured. However, compared with the other two, the effect of tightness coefficient on the results is even less obvious. The results obtained above will provide reference for the subsequent research on reducing the impact of wearing equipment on occupant injury during the vertical impact of the bottom explosion of the vehicle.
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图 3 跌落试验过程中平台中央加速度
Figure 3. Central acceleration of the platform during the drop test
图 6 座椅跌落试验中不同配重下假人损伤值曲线
Figure 6. Dummy damage value curve under different weights in the seat drop test
图 7 座椅跌落试验中不同重量下假人损伤峰值拟合曲线
Figure 7. Fitting curve of the peak value of dummy damage under different weights in the seat drop test
图 9 座椅跌落试验与仿真中的假人损伤值对比曲线
Figure 9. Comparison curve of dummy damage value in seat drop test and simulation
图 10 仿真中躯干部配重背心有限元模型
Figure 10. The finite element model of the torso weight vest in the simulation
图 11 躯干不同位置配重背心有限元模型
Figure 11. The finite element model of the weight vest at different positions on the torso
图 12 仿真中穿戴装备不同分布位置假人损伤值曲线
Figure 12. Dummy damage value curves of different distribution positions of wearable equipment in the simulation
图 13 仿真中穿戴装备与身体接触不同摩擦系数假人损伤值曲线
Figure 13. Dummy damage value curve of different friction coefficients between the wearing equipment and the body in the simulation
表 1 不同配重下的座椅跌落试验
Table 1. Seat drop test under different weights
试验 配重质量/kg 高度/mm 1 0 501 2 0 501 3 0 499 4 11 499 5 11 498 6 11 502 7 16 501 8 16 502 9 16 499 10 21 499 11 21 501 12 21 498 
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表 2 座椅跌落试验中不同配重下假人损伤对比
Table 2. Comparison of dummy damage under different weights in the seat drop test
配重/kg 腰椎力峰值/N 盆骨加速度峰值/g DRI 0 5525 27.3 18.9 11 5640 25.8 16.6 16 5698 24.6 15.9 21 5779 23.3 15.5 最大相对差值 4.40% 14.60% 17.90%
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表 3 座椅跌落试验与仿真中的假人损伤对比
Table 3. Comparison of dummy injury in seat drop test and simulation
方法 腰椎力峰值/N 盆骨加速度峰值/g 试验 5525 27.3 仿真 5299 28.7 相对误差 4.1% 4.9%
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表 4 仿真中穿戴装备不同分布位置假人损伤对比
Table 4. Comparison of dummy damage in different distribution positions of wearable equipment in simulation
位置 腰椎力峰值/N 盆骨加速度峰值/g 躯干上半部 5938 29.7 躯干下半部 5708 28.4 相对差值 3.90% 4.30%
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表 5 仿真中穿戴装备与身体接触不同摩擦系数假人损伤对比
Table 5. Comparison of dummy damage with different friction coefficients between the wearing equipment and the body in the simulation
摩擦因数 腰椎力峰值/N 盆骨加速度峰值/g 0.2 5831 29.2 0.4 5786 29.0 0.6 5677 28.9 0.8 5484 28.7 最大相对差值 5.90% 1.70%
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