Research on the equivalent relationship of torpedo penetrated by underwater supercavitation projectile based on energy consumption model
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摘要: 超空泡射弹是水下防御技术的研究热点之一。水下毁伤试验费用大，成本高，陆上等效试验是一种可能的替代方案。为此需要获得水下超空泡射弹侵彻条件下目标与相关材料的等效关系。以MK48-5鱼雷为对象，构建由壳体和14个关键部件组成的典型鱼雷结构模型。考虑水介质对侵彻的影响，将水下超空泡射弹侵彻鱼雷的过程分为两个阶段（a. 射弹侵彻水介质和鱼雷壳体，b. 射弹侵彻鱼雷内部关键部件）；建立水介质耗能模型和靶板耗能模型；依据极限穿透速度等效原则和能量等效原则，分别得出两个阶段目标和等效靶之间的靶板厚度关系；为了获得射弹垂直命中鱼雷不同方向及不同工况毁伤效果，需要对纵向侵彻全雷和横向侵彻鱼雷战雷段、控制段、燃料舱和后舱雷尾4个典型舱段分别进行研究；并基于此建立了水下侵彻和不同工况条件下射弹侵彻鱼雷的多层等效靶模型。Abstract: Supercavitation projectile is one of the research hotspots of underwater defence technology. The cost of underwater damage test is so high that equivalent test on land is considered as a possible alternative. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain the equivalent relationship between the target and related materials under the condition of supercavitating projectile underwater penetration. Taking MK48-5 torpedo as the object, a typical torpedo structure model composed of shell and 14 key components is constructed. Considering the influence of aqueous medium on penetration, the process of underwater supercavitating projectile penetrated torpedo could be divided into two stages: (1) the projectile penetrated the aqueous medium and the torpedo shell, (2) the projectile penetrated key parts of the torpedo. The energy consumption model of aqueous medium and target plate are established. According to the principle of limit penetration velocity equivalence and energy equivalence, the relationship between target and equivalent target in two stages is obtained respectively. In order to obtain the damage effect of projectiles hitting torpedoes vertically in different directions and under different working conditions, it is necessary to study the four typical sections of torpedoe: warhead, control section, fuel tank and torpedo afterbody. Therefore, the multi-layer equivalent target models of underwater penetration and torpedo penetration under different conditions are established.
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Key words:
- penetration /
- torpedo /
- supercavitating projectile /
- equivalent relation /
- energy consumption model
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图 1 MK48鱼雷尺寸结构示意图（单位：mm）
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of MK48 torpedo structure (unit: mm)
图 4 纵向侵彻等效靶结构示意图
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of equivalent target structure for longitudinal penetration
图 5 横向侵彻战雷段等效靶结构
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of equivalent target structure for transversely penetrating warhead
图 6 横向侵彻控制段等效靶结构
Figure 6. Schematic diagram of equivalent target structure for transversely penetrating control section
图 7 横向侵彻燃料舱等效靶结构1
Figure 7. Schematic 1 of equivalent target structure for transversely penetrating fuel tank
图 8 横向侵彻燃料舱等效靶结构2
Figure 8. Schematic 2 of equivalent target structure for transversely penetrating fuel tank
图 9 横向侵彻后舱雷尾等效靶结构1
Figure 9. Schematic 1 equivalent target structure for transversely penetrating torpedo afterbody
图 10 横向侵彻后舱雷尾等效靶结构2
Figure 10. Schematic 2 equivalent target structure for transversely penetrating torpedo afterbody
图 11 横向侵彻后舱雷尾等效靶结构示意3
Figure 11. Schematic 3 equivalent target structure for transversely penetrating torpedo afterbody
图 13 射弹纵向侵彻全雷的等效模拟靶（mm）
Figure 13. Equivalent simulated target for longitudinal penetration of projectile into mine (mm)
图 14 射弹横向侵彻鱼雷战雷段等效模拟靶（单位：mm）
Figure 14. Equivalent simulated target for transverse penetration of projectiles into warhead (unit: mm)
图 15 射弹横向侵彻鱼雷控制段的等效模拟靶（单位：mm）
Figure 15. Equivalent simulated target for transverse penetration of projectiles into control section (unit: mm)
图 16 射弹横向侵彻鱼雷燃料舱的等效模拟靶1 （单位：mm）
Figure 16. Equivalent simulated target 1 for transverse penetration of projectiles into fuel tank (unit: mm)
图 17 射弹横向侵彻鱼雷燃料舱的等效模拟靶2 （单位：mm）
Figure 17. Equivalent simulated target 2 for transverse penetration of projectiles into fuel tank (unit: mm)
图 18 射弹横向侵彻鱼雷后舱雷尾等效模拟靶1（mm）
Figure 18. Equivalent simulated target 1 for transverse penetration of projectiles into torpedo afterbody (mm)
图 19 射弹横向侵彻鱼雷后舱雷尾等效模拟靶2（mm）
Figure 19. Equivalent simulated target 2 for transverse penetration of projectiles into torpedo afterbody (mm)
图 20 射弹横向侵彻鱼雷后舱雷尾等效模拟靶3（单位：mm）
Figure 20. Equivalent simulated target 3 for transverse penetration of projectiles into torpedo afterbody (unit: mm)
表 1 制导系统关键部件及其基本特征
Table 1. Key components and basic features of guidance system
部件 尺寸/mm 中心坐标/mm 换能器 39×156×156 (39,0,0) 发射机 65×234×234 (169,0,0) 声自导控制逻辑组件 195×39×208 (455,91,0) 接收机 195×39×208 (455,−91,0) 线团 156×234×234 (2600,0,0) 
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表 2 战斗部系统关键部件及其基本特征
Table 2. Key components and basic features of the warhead system
部件 尺寸/mm 中心坐标/mm 战斗部壳体 585×208×208 (1287,0,0) 引爆装置 65×117×65 (1469,0,0)
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表 3 控制系统关键部件及其基本特征
Table 3. Key components and basic characteristics of control system
部件 尺寸/mm 中心坐标/mm 陀螺等传感器控制组件 260×26×182 (2158,0,0) 指令控制组件 260×52×182 (2158,−104,0) 电源组件 260×39×182 (2158,117,0)
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表 4 动力推进系统关键部件及其基本特征
Table 4. Key components and basic characteristics of propulsion system
部件 尺寸/mm 中心坐标/mm 燃料舱 650×247×247 (3432,0,0) 辅助泵 195×234×234 (4303,0,0) 发动机 390×195×195 (4914,0,0) 泵喷射推进器 260×260×260 (5590,0,0)
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表 5 鱼雷及等效靶材料参数
Table 5. Material parameters of torpedo and equivalent target
材料 密度/（g·cm−3） 屈服强度/MPa 弹性模量/GPa 7039铝合金 2.78 503.00 71.54 A356铝合金 2.80 216.64 72.40 TA1钛合金 4.51 275.00 110.00 LY-12铝合金 2.78 325.00 68.00
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表 6 射弹横向侵彻鱼雷战雷段等效靶的理论计算数据
Table 6. The theoretical calculation data of the equivalent target of warhead for the transverse penetration of projectiles
名称 厚度/mm 等效靶厚度/mm 水介质和壳体 16.0 8 引爆装置 2 4 主装药和战斗部壳体 5.5 30 底部壳体 3 6
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表 7 射弹纵向侵彻全雷等效模型结构表
Table 7. Structure table of equivalent model for longitudinal penetration of projectiles into mine
部位 等效厚度/mm 相对间隙/mm 倾角/(°) 水介质和壳体 8 0 60 换能器 2 34 90 发射机 4 127 90 自导控制逻辑组件 2 283 90 战斗部 30 829 90 控制系统 6 867 90 线团 2 438 90 燃料舱 4 829 90 辅助泵 8 866 90 发动机 12 601 90 泵喷射推进器 10 665 90 尾部壳体 6 252 150
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表 8 射弹横向侵彻鱼雷战雷段等效模型
Table 8. Equivalent model for transverse penetration of projectiles into warhead
部位 等效厚度/mm 相对间隙/mm 倾角/(°) 水介质和壳体 8 0 90 引爆装置 4 169.7 90 主装药和战斗部壳体 30 81.5 90 底部壳体 6 256.2 90
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表 9 射弹横向侵彻鱼雷控制段等效模型结构表
Table 9. Structure table of equivalent model for transverse penetration of projectiles into control section
名称 等效厚度/mm 相对间隙/mm 倾角/(°) 水介质和壳体 8 0 90 电源组件 6 142.7 90 陀螺等传感器控制组件 6 111.0 90 指令控制组件 6 98.0 90 底部壳体 6 156.7 90
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表 10 射弹横向侵彻鱼雷燃料舱等效模型结构表1
Table 10. Structure table 1 of equivalent model for transverse penetration of projectiles into fuel tank
部位 等效厚度/mm 等效间隙/mm 倾角/(°) 水介质和顶部壳体 8 0 90 线团 2 261.7 90 底部壳体 6 262.7 90
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表 11 射弹横向侵彻鱼雷燃料舱等效模型结构表2
Table 11. Structure table 2 of equivalent model for transverse penetration of projectiles into fuel tank
部位 等效厚度/mm 等效间隙/mm 倾角/(°) 水介质和顶部壳体 8 0 90 燃料舱 4 260.7 90 底部壳体 6 261.7 90
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表 12 射弹横向侵彻后舱雷尾等效模型结构1
Table 12. Equivalent model 1 for transverse penetration of projectiles into torpedo afterbody
部位 等效厚度/mm 等效间隙/mm 倾角/(°) 水介质和壳体 8 0 90 辅助泵 8 258.7 90 壳体 6 259.7 90
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表 13 射弹横向侵彻后舱雷尾等效模型结构2
Table 13. Equivalent model 2 for transverse penetration of projectiles into torpedo afterbody
部位 等效厚度/mm 等效间隙/mm 倾角/(°) 水介质和壳体 8 0 90 发动机 12 256.7 90 壳体 6 257.7 90
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表 14 射弹横向侵彻后舱雷尾等效模型结构3
Table 14. Equivalent model 3 for transverse penetration of projectiles into torpedo afterbody
部位 等效厚度/mm 等效间隙/mm 倾角/(°) 水介质和壳体 8 0 30 泵喷射推进器 10 257.7 90 壳体 6 258.7 150
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