基于SHPB实验的砂岩动态破坏过程及应变-损伤演化规律研究

张明涛; 王伟; 王奇智; 张思怡

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2020-0288

基于SHPB实验的砂岩动态破坏过程及应变-损伤演化规律研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0288

张明涛^{1, 2, 3,},
王伟^{1, 2, 3},
王奇智^4, ,,
张思怡¹

1.
石家庄铁道大学省部共建交通工程结构力学行为与系统安全国家重点实验室，河北石家庄 050043
2.
河北省金属矿山安全高效开采技术创新中心，河北石家庄 050043
3.
石家庄铁道大学土木工程学院，河北石家庄 050043
4.
河北科技大学建筑工程学院，河北石家庄 050018

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51979170，U1967208）；河北省自然科学基金青年基金（E2020208071）

详细信息

作者简介:
张明涛（1994－　），男，硕士，2868992828@qq.com

通讯作者:
王奇智（1987－　），男，博士，讲师，wangqizhi118@126.com

中图分类号: O346.4；TU45
计量
- 文章访问数: 570
- HTML全文浏览量: 350
- PDF下载量: 122
- 被引次数: 5
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-08-24
- 修回日期: 2020-11-14
- 网络出版日期: 2021-08-16
- 刊出日期: 2021-09-14

Dynamic failure process and strain-damage evolution law of sandstone based on SHPB experiments

ZHANG Mingtao^{1, 2, 3
,},
WANG Wei^{1, 2, 3},
WANG Qizhi^{4
, ,},
ZHANG Siyi¹

1.
State Key Laboratory of Mechanics Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, Hebei, China
2.
Hebei Metal Mine Safety and Efficient Mining Technology Center, Shijiazhuang 050043, Hebei, China
3.
School of Civil Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, Hebei, China
4.
School of Civil Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, Hebei, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究砂岩型铀矿爆破增渗地浸开采过程中赋矿岩层的破坏特征及损伤演化规律, 利用带有应变控制环的SHPB实验系统，对砂岩试样进行控制应变条件下的动态冲击实验，并结合波速测试实验和CT扫描实验，分析研究了砂岩试样的整体破坏过程、裂纹分布及应变-损伤演化规律。实验结果表明：在冲击荷载作用下，当应变值超过0.008 3时，砂岩试样会突然出现明显的整体破坏，整体破坏形式近似双锥形，其破坏模式为剪切-张拉混合破坏；随着应变的增加，裂纹的产生及扩展大致分为无裂纹阶段（0～0.003 3）、微裂纹起裂阶段（0.003 3～0.008 3）、裂纹贯通阶段（0.008 3～0.009 9）3个阶段，且裂纹分布区域主要集中在试样中间外围。分别从宏观、细观两方面建立了应变-损伤之间的定量关系式，损伤变量随应变的增长趋势大致分为两个阶段：平缓发展区（0～0.008 3）和迅速增长区（0.008 3～0.011 5），损伤变量随应变增加并非简单的线性增加，而是应变值超过应变损伤阈值之后损伤程度急剧增加，应变损伤阈值为0.008 3。
- SHPB /
- 砂岩 /
- 控制应变 /
- 破坏过程 /
- 损伤演化
Abstract: In order to study the failure characteristics and damage evolution law of sandstone type uranium ore by blasting, the SHPB experimental system with strain control loop is used to conduct dynamic impact experiment on sandstone samples under controlled strain conditions. Combined with the wave velocity experiment and CT scanning experiments, the whole failure process, crack distribution and strain damage evolution law of sandstone samples are analyzed and studied. The experimental results show that the sandstone sample will suddenly appear obvious overall failure when the strain value exceeds 0.008 3 under impact load, and that the overall failure form is approximately biconical and its failure mode is shear-tension mixed failure. With the increase of strain, the generation and propagation of cracks can be roughly divided into crack free stage (0−0.003 3), microcrack initiation stage (0.003 3−0.008 3) and crack through stage (0.008 3−0.009 9). The quantitative relationship between strain and damage is established from macroscopic and microscopic aspects. The growth trend of damage variable with strain can be roughly divided into two stages, i.e. the smooth development area (0−0.008 3) and the rapid growth area (0.008 3−0.011 5). The damage variable does not increase linearly with the increase of strain, but the damage degree increases sharply when the strain value exceeds the strain damage threshold (0.008 3).
- SHPB /
- sandstone /
- controlled strain /
- failure process /
- damage evolution

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图 1 SHPB实验系统组成

Figure 1. Diagram of SHPB experimental system

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图 2 SHPB实验系统照片

Figure 2. Photo of SHPB experimental system

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图 3 应变控制环与锁扣的照片

Figure 3. Photos of strain control ring and lock catch

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图 4 应变控制环组成

Figure 4. Diagram of strain control ring

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图 5 打磨后的砂岩试样

Figure 5. Sandstone samples after grinding and finishing

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图 6 不同应变率下砂岩的破坏特征

Figure 6. Failure characteristics of sandstones under different strain rates

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图 7 横向拉伸引起的裂纹

Figure 7. Cracks caused by transverse tension

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图 8 不同控制应变下砂岩试样的破坏状态

Figure 8. Failure states of sandstone samples under different controlled strains

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图 9 在ε=0.001 7冲击下试样CT扫描图

Figure 9. CT scans of the sample under impact at ε=0.001 7

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图 10 在ε=0.003 3冲击下试样CT扫描图

Figure 10. CT scans of the sample under impact at ε=0.003 3

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图 11 在ε=0.005 0冲击下试样CT扫描图

Figure 11. CT scans of the sample under impact at ε=0.005 0

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图 12 在ε=0.006 6冲击下试样CT扫描图

Figure 12. CT scans of the sample under impact at ε=0.006 6

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图 13 在ε=0.008 3冲击下试样CT扫描图

Figure 13. CT scans of the sample under impact at ε=0.008 3

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图 14 在ε=0.009 9冲击下试样CT扫描图

Figure 14. CT scans of the sample under impact at ε=0.009 9

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图 15 试样破坏示意图

Figure 15. Schematic diagram of sample failure

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图 16 自然界中双锥形破坏的照片

Figure 16. Photo of the biconical destruction in nature

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图 17 声波测速实验数据及其拟合曲线

Figure 17. Experimental data and fitting curve of acoustic velocity measurement

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图 18 微焦点3D计算机断层扫描系统

Figure 18. Microfocal 3D computed tomography system

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图 19 无损砂岩试样三维重构图

Figure 19. Three dimensional reconstruction of non-destructive sandstone samples

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图 20 三维可视化渲染图

Figure 20. Three dimensional visual rendering

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图 21 CT扫描实验数据及其拟合曲线

Figure 21. Experimental data and fitting curve of CT scanning

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表 1 砂岩基本物理力学参数

Table 1. Basic physical and mechanical parameters of gray sandstone

密度/（kg·m⁻³）	纵波波速/（m·s⁻¹）	抗压强度/MPa	弹性模量/GPa	泊松比
2 416	2 578	88.3	12.9	0.25

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表 2 声波波速测试结果

Table 2. Experiment results of acoustic wave velocities

试样	应变	冲击速度/（m·s⁻¹）	冲击前纵波波速/（m·s⁻¹）	冲击后纵波波速/（m·s⁻¹）	损伤变量
30.05-1	0.001 7	6.325 0	3 237	3 212	0.015 387
30.05-2		6.526 6	3 307	3 286	0.012 660
30.05-3		6.331 3	3 103	3 084	0.012 209
30.10-1	0.003 3	6.556 2	3 079	3 003	0.048 757
30.10-2		6.259 4	3 285	3 197	0.052 859
30.10-3		6.680 5	3 279	3 201	0.047 010
30.15-1	0.005 0	6.317 2	3 316	3 193	0.072 810
30.15-2		6.698 9	3 414	3 279	0.077 522
30.15-3		6.167 4	3 395	3 270	0.072 282
30.20-1	0.006 6	6.643 5	3 322	3 103	0.127 502
30.20-2		6.533 6	3 084	2 892	0.120 638
30.20-3		6.503 8	3 084	2 919	0.104 141
30.25-1	0.008 3	6.923 1	3 345	2 986	0.203 130
30.25-2		6.252 2	3 137	2 791	0.208 428
30.25-3		6.612 0	3 291	2 959	0.191 585
30.30-1	0.009 9	6.309 1	3 123	2 220	0.494 685
30.30-2		6.282 7	3 123	2 202	0.502 846
30.30-3		6.394 3	3 130	2 349	0.436 781
30.35-1	0.011 5	6.514 1	3 323	0	1
30.35-2		6.355 9	3 402	0	1
30.35-3		6.545 4	3 171	0	1
30.40-1	0.013 1	6.439 7	3 155	0	1
30.40-2		6.320 2	3 080	0	1
30.40-3		6.720 2	3 121	0	1

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表 3 CT扫描损伤测试结果

Table 3. CT scan damage experiment results

试样	应变	冲击速度/（m·s⁻¹）	损伤变量
30.05-3	0.001 7	6.526 6	0.000 02
30.10-1	0.003 3	6.556 2	0.000 09
30.15-2	0.005 0	6.317 2	0.001 14
30.20-3	0.006 6	6.533 6	0.010 86
30.25-3	0.008 3	6.923 1	0.076 38
30.30-1	0.009 9	6.309 1	0.387 60

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