钨球侵彻防弹衣加红松木复合靶的研究

唐昌州; 智小琦; 高峰; 于永利

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2020-0309

钨球侵彻防弹衣加红松木复合靶的研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0309

1.
中北大学机电工程学院，山西太原 030051
2.
内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司，内蒙古包头 014033
3.
吉林江机特种工业有限公司，吉林吉林 132021

详细信息

作者简介:
唐昌州（1996－　），男，硕士研究生，562870134@qq.com

通讯作者:
智小琦（1963－　），女，博士，教授，zxq4060@sina.com

中图分类号: O385
计量
- 文章访问数: 552
- HTML全文浏览量: 218
- PDF下载量: 124
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-08-31
- 修回日期: 2020-12-24
- 网络出版日期: 2021-06-01
- 刊出日期: 2021-06-05

Investigation on tungsten spheres penetrating into pine target covered with body armor

1.
College of Mechatronics Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi, China
2.
Inner Mongolia North Heavy Industries Group Co. Ltd., Baotou 014033, Inner Mongolia, China
3.
Jilin Jiangji Special Industries Co. Ltd., Jilin 132021, Jilin, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究钨球对防弹衣加人体等效靶的侵彻性能，利用12.7 mm弹道枪对钨球侵彻三级软体防弹衣加25 mm厚红松靶开展了实验研究；在此基础上，利用LS-DYNA3D软件对侵彻过程及破坏机理进行了分析，并研究了钨球质量变化对弹道极限及靶板能量吸收的影响；依据量纲分析建立了钨球侵彻防弹衣加红松木复合靶的穿靶能量公式，推导了钨球的弹道极限公式。研究结果表明：0.17、0.21、0.44 g的小钨球侵彻防弹衣加红松木复合靶的弹道极限分别为742.3、692.9、570.1 m/s；侵彻过程中，防弹衣以基体开裂、纤维断裂和拉伸分层破坏为主，纤维层面内出现类似“十”字型的损伤，松木靶以剪切和冲塞剥落破坏为主；随着钨球质量的增加，弹道极限呈幂函数形式降低，靶板的能量吸收率逐渐降低；钨球穿靶能量公式及弹道极限公式的计算结果与实验结果吻合良好，可分别用于计算不同侵彻速度下的穿靶能量和不同质量钨球的弹道极限。
- 钨球 /
- 防弹衣 /
- 红松靶 /
- 弹道极限 /
- 数值模拟 /
- 量纲分析
Abstract: It is one of the future development directions to use small tungsten alloy spherical fragments in individual warhead. In order to investigation the penetration performance of small tungsten spheres against human simulation target covered with body armor, taking a 25 mm thick pine target of common international standards as the human simulation target, the experiment of small tungsten spheres penetrating into 25 mm thick pine target covered with third level body armor was carried out by a 12.7 mm ballistic gun. On this basis, the experiment was simulated by LS-DYNA3D software where the penetration process and failure mechanism were analyzed, and the influence of the mass change of tungsten spheres on energy absorption of target and ballistic limit were studied. According to dimensional analysis, energy formula of tungsten spheres penetrating into pine target covered with body armor was established, and the ballistic limit formula of tungsten spheres was deduced. The investigation results show that the ballistic limits of small tungsten spheres with the mass of 0.17, 0.21 and 0.44 g penetrating into the pine target covered with body armor are 742.3, 692.9 and 570.1 m/s, respectively. In the process of penetration, matrix crack, fiber breakage and tensile delamination are the main failure modes of body armor, and the damage similar to the "cross" shape appears on the fiber layer. However, the failure modes of pine target are mainly shear and plug spalling. The ballistic limit of tungsten sphere tends to decrease in the form of power function and energy absorption efficiency of target decreases gradually when the mass of tungsten sphere is increased. The calculated values of energy formula and ballistic limit formula of tungsten spheres penetrating into target are in good agreement with the experimental values, which can be used to calculate the energy of penetrating into target at different initial velocities and the ballistic limit of tungsten spheres with different mass.
- tungsten sphere /
- body armor /
- pine target /
- ballistic limit /
- numerical simulation /
- dimensional analysis

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图 1 钨球、弹托及药筒

Figure 1. Tungsten spheres, sabots and cartridge

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图 2 弹丸侵彻实验示意

Figure 2. Sketch of the ballistic impact experiment

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图 3 实验后的防弹衣加红松木复合靶

Figure 3. Pine target covered with body armor after the experiment

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图 4 钨球剩余速度-着靶速度曲线

Figure 4. Curve of residual velocity-impact velocity of tungsten spheres

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图 5 有限元模型

Figure 5. Finite element model

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图 6 计算值与实验值的对比

Figure 6. Comparison between simulated results and experimental results

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图 7 不同着靶速度下钨球速度与加速度变化曲线

Figure 7. Variation curves of velocity and acceleration of tungsten sphere at different impact velocities

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图 8 钨球速度与加速度变化曲线（v_i=748.0 m/s）

Figure 8. Variation curves of velocity and acceleration of tungsten sphere (v_i=748.0 m/s)

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图 9 不同侵彻速度下松木靶背面的损伤形貌

Figure 9. Damage morphologies of the back of pine target at different impact velocities

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图 10 防弹衣正面与背面的典型von Mises应力变化

Figure 10. Typical von Mises stress variation of front and back of body armor

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图 11 纤维层面内损伤

Figure 11. In-plane damage of fiber layer

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图 12 弹道极限-质量变化曲线

Figure 12. Curve of ballistic limit-mass of tungsten spheres

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图 13 靶板能量吸收率-着靶速度曲线

Figure 13. Curve of energy absorption efficiency of target-impact velocity

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表 1 钨球成分及其力学性能

Table 1. Chemical composition and mechanical properties of tungsten sphere

ρ/（g·cm⁻³）	质量分数/%				变形量/%	HRC硬度	R_a/μm
ρ/（g·cm⁻³）	W	Ni	Fe	Co	变形量/%	HRC硬度	R_a/μm
18.1	95.30	3.15	1.35	0.20	≤40	≥26	≤1.6
注：ρ为密度，R_a为表面粗糙度，变形量为7 kN下的变形量。

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表 2 钨球侵彻防弹衣加红松木复合靶的实验结果

Table 2. Experimental results of tungsten spheres penetrating into pine target covered with body armor

序号	着靶速度/（m·s⁻¹）	剩余速度/（m·s⁻¹）	结果
1	681.2	−	穿透防弹衣，嵌入松木靶
2	700.4	74.8	穿透防弹衣和松木靶
3	711.7	111.6	穿透防弹衣和松木靶
4	725.5	160.4	穿透防弹衣和松木靶
5	744.5	194.2	穿透防弹衣和松木靶
6	748.0	204.9	穿透防弹衣和松木靶
7	753.4	220.9	穿透防弹衣和松木靶
8	775.7	250.6	穿透防弹衣和松木靶

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表 3 弹道极限及模型参数

Table 3. Ballistic limit and model parameters

钨球规格	a	p	v_bl/（m·s⁻¹）
质量0.21 g/直径2.8 mm	0.73	2	692.9

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表 4 钨球材料模型参数

Table 4. Material model parameters of tungsten sphere

ρ/（g·cm⁻³）	E/GPa	μ	σ_y/MPa	E_t/MPa	β	R₁	R₂	ε_f
18.1	367	0.303	1506	792	1	3.9	6	1.2

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表 5 凯夫拉材料模型参数

Table 5. Material model parameters of kevlar

ρ/（g·cm⁻³）	E₁/GPa	E₂/GPa	E₃/GPa	μ₂₁	μ₃₁	μ₃₂
1.35	21	21	4.6	0.31	0.14	0.14

G₁₂/GPa	G₂₃/GPa	G₃₁/GPa	κ_f/GPa	G_s/GPa	T_x/GPa	T_y/GPa
1.2	1.2	1.2	2	0.35	1.0	1.0

C_y/GPa	α	T_n/GPa		G_yz/GPa		G_zx/GPa
0.8	0.5	0.55		0.55		0.55

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表 6 红松木材料模型参数

Table 6. Material model parameters of pine

ρ/（g·cm⁻³）	E/GPa	μ	σ_f/MPa
0.46	11.68	0.31	294

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表 7 模拟值与实验值的对比

Table 7. Comparison between simulated results and experimental results

v_i/（m·s⁻¹）	v_r/（m·s⁻¹）		相对误差/%
v_i/（m·s⁻¹）	实验值	计算值	相对误差/%
681.2	0	0	0
700.4	74.8	80.9	8.16
711.7	111.6	119.2	6.81
725.5	160.4	168.3	4.93
744.5	194.2	202.8	4.43
748.0	204.9	209.2	2.10
753.4	220.9	218.4	−1.13
775.7	250.6	253.9	1.32

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表 8 不同质量钨球侵彻防弹衣加红松木复合靶弹道极限的模拟结果

Table 8. Simulated results of ballistic limit of tungsten spheres with different mass penetrating into pine target covered with body armor

m/g	v_bl/（m·s⁻¹）
0.21	690.5
0.26	647.0
0.31	619.0
0.36	595.0
0.41	575.0
0.46	556.0

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表 9 不同质量钨球侵彻防弹衣加红松木复合靶的仿真结果

Table 9. Simulated results of tungsten spheres with different mass penetrating into pine target covered with body armor

着靶速度/（m·s⁻¹）	m=0.21 g		m=0.26 g		m=0.31 g
着靶速度/（m·s⁻¹）	剩余速度/（m·s⁻¹）	靶板能量吸收率	剩余速度/（m·s⁻¹）	靶板能量吸收率	剩余速度/（m·s⁻¹）	靶板能量吸收率
550	0	1	0	1	0	1
600	0	1	0	1	0	1
650	0	1	26.2	0.998	156.7	0.942
700	79.2	0.987	188.3	0.928	254.0	0.868
750	212.6	0.920	281.6	0.859	322.5	0.815
800	294.3	0.865	350.2	0.808	390.3	0.762

着靶速度/（m·s⁻¹）	m=0.36 g		m=0.41 g		m=0.46 g
着靶速度/（m·s⁻¹）	剩余速度/（m·s⁻¹）	靶板能量吸收率	剩余速度/（m·s⁻¹）	靶板能量吸收率	剩余速度/（m·s⁻¹）	靶板能量吸收率
550	0	1	0	1	0	1
600	65.1	0.988	121.0	0.959	172.8	0.917
650	197.6	0.908	232.4	0.872	267.1	0.831
700	287.4	0.831	315.0	0.798	345.0	0.757
750	354.9	0.776	376.7	0.748	400.3	0.715
800	416.8	0.729	437.1	0.701	457.0	0.674

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表 10 影响穿靶能量的主要的物理量

Table 10. Main physical quantities affecting the energy of penetrating into target

材料名称	物理量	量符号	量纲式
钨球	着靶速度	v_i	LT⁻¹
	密度	ρ_p	ML⁻³
	直径	D_p	L
	弹性模量	E_p	L⁻¹MT⁻²
	屈服强度	σ_sp	L⁻¹MT⁻²
	特征应变	ε_p	1
	声速	c_p	LT⁻¹
防弹衣	密度	ρ_f	ML⁻³
	厚度	h_f	L
	弹性模量	E_f	L⁻¹MT⁻²
	抗压强度	σ_sf	L⁻¹MT⁻²
	抗剪强度	σ_τf	L⁻¹MT⁻²
	抗拉强度	σ_ff	L⁻¹MT⁻²
	特征应变	ε_f	1
	声速	c_f	LT⁻¹
红松木	密度	ρ_s	ML⁻³
	厚度	h_s	L
	弹性模量	E_s	L⁻¹MT⁻²
	失效应力	σ_ss	L⁻¹MT⁻²
	特征应变	ε_s	1
	声速	c_s	LT⁻¹

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表 11 不同方法计算的穿靶能量的对比

Table 11. Comparison of energy of penetrating into target calculated by different methods

钨球规格	v_i/（m·s⁻¹）	v_r/（m·s⁻¹）	E_c/J		相对误差/%
钨球规格	v_i/（m·s⁻¹）	v_r/（m·s⁻¹）	实验结果	量纲分析结果	相对误差/%
质量0.17 g 直径2.6 mm	753.6	124.6	46.95	47.22	0.58
	771.3	187.7	47.57	48.26	1.45
	786.0	230.1	48.01	49.12	2.31
	809.1	296.8	48.16	50.48	4.82
	834.9	357.9	48.36	51.99	7.51
	869.6	410.8	49.93	54.02	8.19
质量0.44 g 直径3.6 mm	578.4	78.2	72.25	71.52	−1.01
	597.7	141.8	74.17	73.76	−0.55
	610.9	187.2	74.39	75.29	1.21
	639.5	248.0	76.44	78.60	2.83
	660.3	260.9	80.94	81.00	0.07
	698.3	335.1	82.57	85.37	3.39

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表 12 式（1）和式（12）计算的弹道极限的对比

Table 12. Comparison of ballistic limit calculated by formula (1) and formula (12)

钨球规格	v_bl/（m·s⁻¹）		相对误差/%
钨球规格	式(1)	式(12)	相对误差/%
质量0.17 g/直径2.6 mm	742.3	738.1	−0.57
质量0.21 g/直径2.8 mm	692.9	697.4	0.65
质量0.44 g/直径3.6 mm	570.1	562.9	−1.26

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