孔内起爆位置对爆破振动场分布的影响作用规律

高启栋; 靳军; 王亚琼; 卢文波; 冷振东; 陈明

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2020-0352

孔内起爆位置对爆破振动场分布的影响作用规律

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0352

高启栋^{1, 2,},
靳军¹,
王亚琼^1, ,,
卢文波²,
冷振东^{3, 4},
陈明²

1.
长安大学公路学院，陕西西安 710064
2.
武汉大学水工岩石力学教育部重点实验室，湖北武汉 430072
3.
长江水利委员会长江科学院，湖北武汉 430010
4.
中国葛洲坝集团易普力股份有限公司，重庆 401121

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52009003，51809016）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金（300102210123）；水工岩石力学教育部重点实验室开放研究基金（EMHSE1903）

详细信息

作者简介:
高启栋（1991－　），男，博士，讲师，qdgao@chd.edu.cn

通讯作者:
王亚琼（1975－　），男，博士，教授，ys08@gl.chd.edu.cn

中图分类号: O382.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-27
- 修回日期: 2020-12-17
- 网络出版日期: 2021-09-09
- 刊出日期: 2021-10-13

Acting law of in-hole initiation position on distribution of blast vibration field

GAO Qidong^{1, 2
,},
JIN Jun¹,
WANG Yaqiong^{1
, ,},
LU Wenbo²,
LENG Zhendong^{3, 4},
CHEN Ming²

1.
School of Highway, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, Shaanxi, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics in Hydraulic Structural Engineering, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
3.
Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, Hubei, China
4.
Gezhouba Group Explosive Co., Ltd, Chongqing 401121, China

摘要

摘要: 岩石钻孔爆破中，孔内起爆位置决定炸药爆轰波的传播方向，进而影响爆破振动场的分布。通过分析柱状药包爆轰产物和爆炸能量的分配及其爆炸应力场的分布，揭示了起爆位置的影响作用机理；基于Heelan短柱解延长药包叠加计算模型，比较分析了不同起爆位置下爆破振动场的分布规律，并结合现场实验，验证了起爆位置对爆破振动场分布的调节作用效果。结果表明：起爆位置的影响作用机理在于柱状药包爆炸能量的轴向不均匀分配和爆破振动场叠加的相位延迟效应；孔内起爆位置对爆破振动场的分布起调节作用，爆破振动沿爆轰波传播正向叠加增强，且爆破振动场分布的不均匀性受药包长度和炸药爆轰速度的调控；对于常见的几种起爆方式，现场实验统计结果显示，底部起爆时地表爆破振动峰值最大，中部起爆次之，上部起爆最小，且爆破振动差异性随炮孔深度的增加而增大，但振动差异会随距离逐渐消减。
- 钻孔爆破 /
- 起爆位置 /
- 爆破振动场分布 /
- 质点峰值振速
Abstract: In rock drilling and blasting, the in-hole initiation position determines the propagation direction of the explosive detonation wave, and thereby affects the distribution of blast vibration field (BVF). In this study, the acting mechanism of the initiation position was investigated via the comprehensive analysis of the distribution of the detonation products, the explosion energy as well as BVF of the cylindrical charge. Then, the distribution law of BVF under different initiation positions was analyzed using the Heelan’s short-column-solution based superposition model of an extended charge. At last, the acting effect of the initiation position on the distribution of BVF was demonstrated by the onsite blasting experiment. Results indicate that the acting mechanism of the initiation position lies in the axial non-uniform distribution of the explosive energy and the phase delay effect of the superposition of BVF. The in-hole initiation position has the adjustment effect on the distribution of BVF, due to which, the blast vibration amplitude is strengthened at the forward direction of the detonation wave. It needs to be pointed that the non-uniformity of the distribution of BVF is under some control of the explosive length and the explosive velocity of detonation. For the common initiation modes, the field test results indicate that the ground peak particle velocities under the bottom are larger than those under the top and mid-point initiations, and the top initiation is the smallest. Besides, the blast vibration differences becomes more obvious as the blast-hole depth increases, but the vibration difference gradually vanishes with distance.
- drilling and blasting /
- initiation position /
- distribution of blast vibration field /
- peak particle velocity

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图 1 柱状药包爆轰产物的一维流动模型

Figure 1. One-dimensional flow model of the detonation products of an cylindrical charge

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图 2 柱状药包的相位延迟效应

Figure 2. The phase delay effects of the cylindrical charge

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图 3 延长药包爆破振动场的计算模型

Figure 3. Computation model of the blast vibration field of the extended charge

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图 4 短柱药包的辐射模式

Figure 4. Radiation pattern of the short explosive column

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图 5 基于叠加计算模型的典型爆破振动速度曲线

Figure 5. Typical blast vibration velocity curves based on the superposition model

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图 6 药包轴向的测点布置

Figure 6. The observation points along the vertical direction of the cylindrical charge

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图 7 质点峰值振速随比例距离的变化

Figure 7. Peak particle velocities of the cylindrical charge varying with scaled distances

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图 8 沿轴向分布测点的质点峰值振速及差异率

Figure 8. Peak particle velocities of measuring points along vertical direction and their difference ratios

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图 9 药包径向的测点布置

Figure 9. The observation points along the radial direction of the cylindrical charge

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图 10 质点峰值振速随比例距离的变化

Figure 10. Peak particle velocities of the cylindrical charge varying with scaled distances

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图 11 沿径向分布测点的质点峰值振速及差异率

Figure 11. Peak particle velocities of measuring points along radial direction and their difference ratios

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图 12 装药参数对质点峰值振速差异率的影响

Figure 12. Influences of explosive parameters on difference ratios of peak particle velocities

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图 13 炮孔和振动测点的布置

Figure 13. Layout of blast holes and vibration monitoring points

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图 14 装药结构

Figure 14. Charging structures

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图 15 典型的爆破振动速度曲线

Figure 15. Typical blast vibration velocity curves

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图 16 质点峰值振速随比例距离的变化及其拟合曲线

Figure 16. Peak particle velocities varying with scaled distances and their fitting curves

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图 17 质点峰值振速差异率随比例距离的变化及其拟合曲线

Figure 17. Difference ratios of peak particle velocities varying with scaled distances and their fitting curves

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图 18 炮孔和振动测点的布置

Figure 18. Layout of blastholes and vibration monitoring points

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图 19 装药结构

Figure 19. Charging structures

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图 20 单孔S1和S2的典型爆破振动速度曲线

Figure 20. Typical blast vibration velocity curves in single blastholes S1 and S2

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图 21 单孔S1和S2的质点峰值振速随比例距离的变化及其拟合曲线

Figure 21. Peak particle velocities varying with scaled distances and their fitting curves in single blastholes S1 and S2

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图 22 单孔S1和S2的质点峰值振速差异率随比例距离的变化及其拟合曲线

Figure 22. Difference ratios of peak particle velocities varying with scaled distances and their fitting curves in single blastholes S1 and S2

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表 1 钻孔爆破参数

Table 1. Drilling and blasting parameters

对比组	炮孔	起爆方式	孔径/mm	孔深/m	药径/mm	装药量/kg	装药长度/m	堵塞段长度/m
1	Ⅰ	两端起爆	76	8.0	50	12.0	6.0	2.0
1	Ⅱ	底部起爆	76	8.0	50	12.0	6.0	2.0
2	Ⅲ	中点起爆	76	6.0	50	8.4	4.0	2.0
2	Ⅳ	底部起爆	76	6.0	50	8.4	4.0	2.0
3	Ⅴ	中点起爆	76	4.5	50	5.4	2.7	1.8
3	Ⅵ	底部起爆	76	4.5	50	5.4	2.7	1.8

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表 2 钻孔爆破参数

Table 2. Drilling and blasting parameters

炮孔	炮孔直径/mm	炮孔深度/m	孔距/m	药包直径/mm	装药量/kg	堵塞段长度/m
主爆孔	115	9.3～14.9	5.0～6.0	90	48～84	4.5～5.5
单孔S1/S2	115	15.0	—	90	72	5.0

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