毫秒延时爆破等效单响药量计算及振速预测

何理; 杨仁树; 钟东望; 李鹏; 吴春平; 陈江伟

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2020-0363

毫秒延时爆破等效单响药量计算及振速预测

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0363

何理^{1, 2,},
杨仁树¹,
钟东望²,
李鹏³,
吴春平⁴,
陈江伟⁵

1.
北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院，北京 100083
2.
武汉科技大学冶金工业过程系统科学湖北省重点实验室，湖北武汉 430065
3.
长江科学院水利部岩土力学与工程重点实验室，湖北武汉 430010
4.
矿冶科技集团有限公司，北京 100160
5.
中国建筑第七工程局有限公司，河南郑州 450004

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51904210，51934001）；湖北省重点研发计划（2020BCA084）；长江科学院开放研究基金(CKWV2018473/KY)；冶金工业过程系统科学湖北省重点实验室开放研究基金(Z202001)

详细信息

作者简介:
何　理（1986－　），男，博士，副教授，emp-heli@hotmail.com

中图分类号: O389
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-30
- 修回日期: 2020-11-20
- 网络出版日期: 2021-08-25
- 刊出日期: 2021-09-14

Calculation of equivalent charge weight per delay and vibration velocity prediction for millisecond delay blasting

1.
School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2.
Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical Process, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Mechanics and Engineering of the Ministry of Water Resources, Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, Hubei, China
4.
Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallu, Beijing 100160, China
5.
China Construction Seventh Engineering Bureau Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450004, Henan, China

摘要

摘要: 毫秒延时爆破存在同段雷管离散及分段振波叠加效应，对单响药量取值及质点峰值振速的预报带来极大困扰。设计开展毫秒延时爆破试验，建立群孔齐发爆破振速的计算模型，研究并构建炮孔数目对齐发爆破等效药量影响及其取值方法；并基于单孔爆破回归分析结果，提出修正的质点峰值振速与比例距离关系公式。结果表明，群孔齐发爆破等效药量比名义单响药量小，可利用缩比系数和折算炮孔数目进行计算，缩比系数随炮孔数目增加呈指数形式衰减；修正的质点峰值振速与比例距离公式引入的振波叠加因子可反映振波叠加对速度的影响，依据该公式计算得到的质点峰值振速预测值与实测值间平均绝对误差、平均相对误差及均方根误差分别为0.05 cm/s、9.52%、0.059 cm/s，用于现场爆破振动预测切实可行。
- 毫秒延时爆破 /
- 振波叠加 /
- 质点峰值振动速度 /
- 等效药量 /
- 回归分析 /
- 比例距离公式
Abstract: Drilling and blasting is the most economical rock fracture technology in water conservancy, transportation, mining and tunnel engineering. And the application of nonel detonator network in rock blasting is still the most widely used initiation method in engineering blasting practice. Due to the detonator delay error, there is a deviation between the actual initiation time and designed initiation time in the Nonel detonation network, which will cause the change of blasting time sequence and the overlapping of blast-holes. There are detonator dispersion phenomenon with the same delay time and superposition effect for seismic waves with different delay time, which brings great trouble to the value of charge weight per delay and the prediction of particle peak vibration velocity. In order to the predict particle peak vibration velocity more accurately and efficiently, the millisecond delay blasting test was conducted, and the calculation model of vibration velocity for group blast-hole simultaneous blasting with dispersed charge was established. The influence of the blast-hole number on the equivalent charge weight for simultaneous blasting and its value selection method were studied and constructed. The modified particle peak vibration velocity scaled distance formula and the particle peak vibration velocity prediction method were proposed based on the results of regression analysis of single-hole blasting. The results show that the equivalent charge weight of group blast-hole simultaneous blasting is smaller than the nominal charge weight per delay, and the equivalent charge weight of simultaneous blasting can be calculated by converting through the reduction coefficient, which decreases exponentially with the increase of the blast-hole number. The superposition effect of seismic waves with different delay time can be considered by introducing vibration wave superposition factor into the modified particle peak vibration velocity scaled distance formula. The average absolute error, average relative error and root mean square error between the actual and the predicted particle peak vibration velocity values are 0.05 cm/s, 9.52% and 0.059 cm/s, respectively. It is feasible to apply the modified particle peak vibration velocity proportional distance regression analysis method to the prediction and control of blasting vibration velocity in the field.
- millisecond delay blasting /
- vibration wave superposition /
- particle peak vibration velocity /
- equivalent charge /
- regression analysis /
- scaled distance formula

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图 1 炮孔装药结构

Figure 1. Charge structure of blast-hole

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图 2 毫秒延时起爆网路

Figure 2. Initiation network of millisecond delay blasting

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图 3 振动速度监测方案

Figure 3. Monitoring scheme of vibration velocity

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图 4 单孔爆破振速随比例距离的变化关系

Figure 4. Relation between blast vibration velocity for single-hole blasting and scaled distance

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图 5 单孔爆破振速叠加方法示意图

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of superposition method for vibration velocity in single-hole blasting

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图 6 群孔分散装药齐发爆破振速计算模型

Figure 6. Calculation model of vibration velocity for simultaneous blasting of muti-hole with dispersed charge

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图 7 各炮孔起爆时间窗

Figure 7. Detonation time window for each blast-hole

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图 8 缩比系数随炮孔数目的变化关系

Figure 8. Variation relationship between the scaling factor and the blast-hole number

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图 9 毫秒延时爆破各测点峰值振动速度的实测值与预测值

Figure 9. Actual and predicted particle peak vibration velocities at each measuring point in millisecond delay blasting

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图 10 实测v_p与预测v_ps变化关系

Figure 10. Relationship between actual v_p and predicted v_ps

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图 11 矿区实例中v_p实测值与预测值变化关系

Figure 11. Relationship between actual and predicted v_p values in mining area

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图 12 不同观测点处v_p实测值与预测值的对比情况

Figure 12. Comparison of the actual and predicted v_p values at different observation points

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表 1 爆破参数

Table 1. Blasting parameters

爆破类型	孔径Φ/mm	孔距a/m	排距b/m	孔深l/m	装药长度l₁/m	堵塞长度l₂/m	单孔药量Q₀/kg
31^#孔爆破	115			14.3	8.8	5.5	81
32^#孔爆破	115			15.5	11.0	4.5	100
毫秒延时爆破	115	6	4	14.3～16.9	9.8～10.9	4.5～6	89～95
注：现场爆破试验使用2#岩石乳化炸药，参见文献[29]将炮孔装药量折算为TNT当量.

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表 2 毫秒延时爆破药量统计

Table 2. Charge statistics of millisecond delay blasting

炮孔排数i	炮孔编号			炮孔总药量/kg	炮孔平均装药量/kg
炮孔排数i	[(i−1)×3+1]	[(i−1)×3+2]	[(i−1)×3+3]	炮孔总药量/kg	炮孔平均装药量/kg
1	91	95	93	279	93.0
2	89	94	94	277	92.3
3	90	92	93	275	91.7
4	92	91	92	275	91.7
5	91	92	93	276	92.0
6	92	91	92	275	91.7
7	92	92	92	276	92.0
8	91	92	92	275	91.7
9	92	92	92	276	92.0
10	92	92	93	277	92.3
注：现场爆破试验使用2#岩石乳化炸药，参见文献[29]将炮孔装药量折算为TNT当量

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表 3 测点布置方案

Table 3. Layout scheme of measuring points

爆破类型	测点爆心距R/m
31^#孔爆破	15		22			35		40		48
32^#孔爆破	15		22			35		40		48
毫秒延时爆破	15	18	22	27	30	34	38	41	45	49

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表 4 爆破振动测试数据

Table 4. Blasting vibration test data

31^#孔爆破			32^#孔爆破			毫秒延时爆破
R/m	v_p/（cm·s⁻¹）	D_s/（m·kg^−1/3）	R/m	v_p/（cm·s⁻¹）	D_s/（m·kg^−1/3）	R/m	v_p/（cm·s⁻¹）	D_s/（m·kg^−1/3）
15	10.85	3.52	15	12.21	3.28	15	16.06	2.82
						18	12.10	3.38
22	7.90	5.16	22	9.25	4.81	22	11.83	4.13
						27	10.20	5.07
						30	8.25	5.63
35	6.68	8.21	35	7.30	7.66	34	7.14	6.38
						38	7.88	7.13
40	4.81	9.38	40	5.42	8.75	41	7.57	7.69
						45	6.49	8.45
48	4.24	11.26	48	5.21	10.50	49	6.48	9.20

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表 5 单孔爆破振速的实测值与预测值对比

Table 5. Comparison of blast vibration velocity for single-hole blasting between measured and predicted values

实测值/（cm·s⁻¹）	预测值/（cm·s⁻¹）	绝对误差/（cm·s⁻¹）	相对误差/%	实测值/（cm·s⁻¹）	预测值/（cm·s⁻¹）	绝对误差/（cm·s⁻¹）	相对误差/%
10.85	11.40	−0.55	5.05	12.21	12.03	0.18	1.46
7.90	8.50	0.60	7.59	9.25	8.97	0.28	3.03
6.68	5.95	0.73	10.89	7.30	6.28	1.02	14.00
4.81	5.37	−0.56	11.73	5.42	5.67	−0.25	4.59
4.24	4.67	−0.43	10.18	5.21	4.93	0.28	5.39

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表 6 爆破设计参数及$v_{\rm p} $值

Table 6. Blasting design parameters and $v_{\rm p} $ values

爆破次数	孔径/mm	炮孔数目	最大单响药量/kg	爆心距/m	比例距离/（m·kg^−1/3）	v_p/（cm·s⁻¹）		绝对误差/（cm·s⁻¹）	相对误差/%
爆破次数	孔径/mm	炮孔数目	最大单响药量/kg	爆心距/m	比例距离/（m·kg^−1/3）	实测值	预测值	绝对误差/（cm·s⁻¹）	相对误差/%
1	90	32	486	224	28.55	1.15	1.16	0.01	0.77
	90	32	486	241	30.72	1.04	1.03	0.01	1.42
	90	32	486	268	34.16	0.91	0.86	0.05	5.27
	90	32	486	300	38.24	0.78	0.72	0.06	7.43
	90	32	486	347	44.23	0.68	0.58	0.10	14.51
	90	32	486	390	49.71	0.39	0.49	0.10	26.65
2	90	21	319	353	51.76	0.51	0.47	0.04	8.24
	90	21	319	252	36.95	0.80	0.76	0.04	4.84
	90	21	319	277	40.62	0.72	0.66	0.06	8.51
	90	21	319	309	45.31	0.52	0.56	0.04	7.99
	90	21	319	398	58.36	0.34	0.40	0.06	18.25
3	90	31	326	319	46.44	0.55	0.54	0.01	1.39
	90	31	326	332	48.33	0.46	0.51	0.05	11.55
	90	31	326	353	51.39	0.47	0.47	0.00	0.52
	90	31	326	381	55.47	0.35	0.43	0.08	22.32
	90	31	326	419	61.00	0.48	0.38	0.10	20.54
	90	31	326	457	66.53	0.39	0.35	0.04	11.37
4	90	28	525	262	32.55	0.94	0.93	0.01	0.83
	90	28	525	275	34.16	0.76	0.86	0.10	13.42
	90	28	525	297	36.89	0.73	0.76	0.03	4.54
	90	28	525	326	40.50	0.65	0.66	0.01	1.81
	90	28	525	366	45.46	0.48	0.56	0.08	16.43
	90	28	525	406	50.43	0.54	0.48	0.06	10.30
注：由于生产爆破时使用数码电子雷管实现段间延期，数码电子雷管可确保设计延期时间与实际延期时间高度一致^[37]，因此表6中最大单响药　　量取值为名义最大单响药量

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