Study on the energy transfer efficiency of explosive blasting with different coupling medium
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摘要: 不耦合装药爆破可有效降低孔壁峰值压力，改善爆破效果。针对不同耦合介质爆破时爆炸能量的传递问题，考虑岩体应变率效应，理论分析了爆炸作用下岩体变形及破坏特征，得到不同耦合介质爆破时理论爆炸能量的传递效率，并结合数值模拟研究了岩体性质、炸药类别及不耦合装药系数对不同耦合介质爆破时爆炸能量传递效率差异的影响。研究结果表明，爆炸能量传递效率与耦合介质相关，装药结构相同时，水耦合爆破比空气耦合爆破爆炸能量传递效率高；不同耦合介质爆破爆炸能量传递效率的差异受爆破岩体、炸药性质及不耦合装药系数等因素影响；装药系数相同耦合介质不同的爆破，岩体强度越高，不同耦合介质爆炸能量传递效率差别越大；岩体性质相同时，不同耦合介质爆破间能量传递效率差异随不耦合装药系数的增大而增大，对于乳化炸药在粉砂岩中的爆破，不耦合装药系数由1.28增至3.44时，水耦合爆破传递入周围岩体的能量由空气耦合爆破的1.45倍增至6.52倍。研究结果可对优化爆破设计、改善爆炸能量分布提供参考。Abstract: Decoupled charge blasting can effectively reduce the peak pressure of hole wall and improve the blasting effect. Aiming at the issues associated with the explosive energy transferred into rock mass with different coupling medium, the deformation and failure characteristics of rock mass under explosion were analyzed theoretically with the consideration of strain rate effect of the rock mass, and the theoretical energy transfer efficiency of blasting with different coupling medium was obtained. Combined with the numerical simulations, the effects of rock mass properties, explosive categories and decoupled charge coefficient on the energy transfer efficiency of blasting with different coupling medium were studied. The results show that the energy transferred into rock mass from explosive of decoupling charge blasting is related to the coupling medium, the energy transfer efficiency of water coupling blasting is higher than that of air coupling blasting for the same charge structure and same blasting medium. When the charge structure and blasting rock mass are the same but the coupling medium is different, the energy transferred into the rock mass from explosive will be different, depending on blasting rock mass, explosive categories and decoupling charge coefficient. When blasting with the same decoupling charge coefficient but different coupling medium, the higher the rock mass strength, the greater the difference of energy transfer efficiency between different coupling medium. For blasting with the same rock mass properties and same charge structure, the difference of energy transfer efficiency between air coupling blasting and water coupling blasting increases with the increase of decoupling charge coefficient. For emulsion explosive exploding in siltstone, when the decoupling charge coefficient increases from 1.28 to 3.44, the energy transferred from water coupling blasting to surrounding rock mass increases from 1.45 to 6.52 times of air coupling blasting. The research results are of great reference significance for optimizing blasting design, improving explosion energy distribution and increasing the explosion energy utilization rate.
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Key words:
- decoupled charge /
- coupling medium /
- explosion energy /
- transfer efficiency /
- rock mass
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图 2 典型工况下爆炸能量时程曲线
Figure 2. Time history curve of explosion energy under typical working conditions
图 3 不同装药结构下不同耦合介质能量传递效率比值
Figure 3. The ratio of energy transfer efficiency for different coupling medium under different charge structures
表 1 花岗岩力学参数
Table 1. Mechanical parameters of granite
岩石类型 密度/（kg·m−3） 纵波波速/（m·s−1） 抗压强度/MPa 抗拉强度/MPa 弹性模量/GPa 泊松比 花岗岩 2700 5500 150 15 68 0.24 
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表 2 不同耦合介质爆炸能量传递效率
Table 2. Energy transfer efficiency of blasting explosion with different coupling medium
K 耦合介质 w1/E0 w2/E0 w3/E0 w4/E0 w5/E0 η 1.28 空气 0.123 0.036 0.041 0.004 0.077 0.281 水 0.249 0.083 0.075 0.079 0.145 0.631
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表 4 计算岩体力学参数表
Table 4. Table of mechanical parameters of rock mass used in the simulations
岩石类型 密度/
（kg·m−3）弹性模量/
GPa泊松比 屈服应力/
MPa切线模量/
GPa粉砂岩 2170 6.7 0.25 39.2 0.6 石灰岩 2600 32.5 0.25 72.9 3.0 花岗岩 2700 68.0 0.24 150.0 7.0
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