箱型结构内部爆炸破坏研究进展

张舵; 姚术健; 黄河; 胡献磊; 刘双全; 卢芳云

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2020-0388

箱型结构内部爆炸破坏研究进展

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0388

1.
国防科技大学文理学院，湖南长沙 410073
2.
中南大学交通运输工程学院，湖南长沙 410075

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11972371，11902369）

详细信息

作者简介:
张　舵（1977－　），男，博士，副教授，zhangduo@nudt.edu.cn

通讯作者:
姚术健（1988－　），男，博士，副教授，yaoshujian@126.com

中图分类号: O389
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- 文章访问数: 841
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- 被引次数: 12
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-10-15
- 修回日期: 2021-02-20
- 网络出版日期: 2021-06-22
- 刊出日期: 2021-07-05

A review on internal blast damage effects of multi-box type structures

1.
College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, Hunan, China
2.
School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, Hunan, China

摘要

摘要: 结构内部爆炸破坏机理和规律是常规武器毁伤效能预测与评估、建筑物和舰船抗爆防护设计的重要支撑。基于结构内爆炸载荷、内部爆炸作用下结构塑性响应、内部爆炸作用下箱壁结构破坏模式、内部爆炸作用下多箱型结构破坏模式和分布四个方面详细论述了箱型结构内部爆炸破坏的研究现状及存在的问题，并对内部爆炸后续研究给出了建议。建议研究并建立更加复杂的结构内部爆炸载荷和破坏效应描述模型、内部爆炸作用下箱壁的动力响应机理、多箱型结构与内部爆炸波产生的耦合效应、内部爆炸作用下结构的破坏模式和破坏范围的快速准确预测方法等。
- 内部爆炸 /
- 钢箱结构 /
- 破坏模式 /
- 破坏范围 /
- 无量纲数
Abstract: The damage mechanisms of structures under internal blast are important for the prediction and evaluation of damage effects of conventional weapons and the design of anti-explosion structures of buildings and ships. The researches status and existing problems are discussed in this paper, based on the following four aspects as the internal explosion loads on structures, the plastic responses of structures to internal explosion loads, the damage modes of box-wall structures under internal explosion loads, and the damage modes and distribution of multi-box structures under internal explosion loads. With respect to an internal blast load, it is recognized that the blast model can be divided into dynamic high-pressure stage and quasi-static pressure stage. The former is formed by the initial shock wave and reflection wave while the latter is mainly composed of expansion of detonation gas and chemical energy released by explosion. In regard to the plastic response of the structure under the internal blast load, the studies have shown that quasi-static pressure plays an important role in the response process. With respect to the damage mode of the internal blast loaded structure, the damage mode is greatly affected by the pressure relief mode and pressure relief speed, studies on the damage modes of the beam and plate were introduced. As regards the damage mode and distribution of multi-box structures under the internal blast load, the internal explosion damage of the metal box structure of ships was mainly introduced. Most of the current researches focus on the damage features and there is rarely systematic understanding and analysis for the damagemechanisms. Through the review of the research on the damage and damage of the structures under the internal blast load, suggestions are provided for further researches on: (1) the models to describe the internal explosion loads on more complex structures and the corresponding damage effects; (2) the mechanisms of dynamic response of the box walls to internal blast load; (3) the coupling effect of multi-box structures with internal explosion waves and detonation products; (4) the methods to quickly and accurately predict the damage mode, damage range and damage degree of structures under internal explosion loads.
- internal blast /
- steel box structure /
- damage mode /
- damage range /
- dimensionless number

HTML全文

超高速碰撞是指这样一类碰撞：碰撞所产生的冲击压强远远大于（弹靶）材料的强度。在超高速碰撞的最初阶段，材料的性态类似于可压缩流体，遵从流体力学定律。小天体对地球的撞击、空间碎片对航天器的撞击、动能武器对目标的撞击是典型的超高速碰撞现象。

超高速碰撞研究的兴起与航天工程、武器工程、地球及行星科学等领域的需求密不可分。20世纪50年代中期，由于航天安全和反弹道导弹技术的需要，世界主要军事和科技大国大力开展超高速碰撞研究。几十年来，在超高速加载与试验技术、高压状态方程、厚靶成坑、材料破碎与结构解体、碎片云膨胀规律、空间碎片防护结构、超高速碰撞数值计算等方面研究取得了较大进展。进入21世纪以来，超高速碰撞研究与力学、航空宇航科学与技术、兵器科学与技术、材料科学与工程、物理、天文学等相关学科领域进一步交叉融合，不仅在航天器空间碎片防护、反弹道导弹、装甲与反装甲、核反应堆安全防护设计、惯性约束聚变等工程领域发挥了重要作用，而且也促进了极端条件下材料的性质和状态方程、生命起源、陨石坑形成、高分辨诊断技术、多物理场多尺度数值模拟技术等基础研究的快速发展。

为促进我国在超高速碰撞领域最新研究成果的交流，探讨其发展趋势，推动该领域及相关学科的进一步发展，《爆炸与冲击》编辑部于2019年策划了“超高速碰撞”专题。专题征集了中国工程物理研究院、中国空间技术研究院、中国空气动力研究与发展中心、西北核技术研究院、哈尔滨工业大学、北京理工大学等单位提交的9篇论文，从不同侧面反映了近几年我国相关单位在该领域取得的最新成果。该专题在编辑、出版过程中得到了作者、审稿专家、编委和《爆炸与冲击》编辑部的大力支持，在此表示衷心的感谢。

北京理工大学教授、博士生导师张庆明

《爆炸与冲击》副主编

图 1 建筑物内爆炸破坏实验和数值模拟

Figure 1. Experiment and simulation of explosion damage in buildings

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图 2 球形绝热刚性密闭空间内爆炸所产生的压力载荷典型曲线

Figure 2. Typical curves of pressure load produced by explosion in a spherical adiabatic rigid confined space

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图 3 典型结构内部爆炸压力时程曲线^[8]

Figure 3. Time history curves of explosion pressure in a typical structure^[8]

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图 4 Baker^[9]提出的三脉冲内部爆炸载荷模型

Figure 4. Three-pulse model proposed by Baker^[9] for internal explosion loads

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图 5 理想化内爆模型

Figure 5. An idealized implosion model

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图 6 准静态峰值压力与装药体积密度的关系^[12]

Figure 6. Relationship between quasi-static peak pressure and charge volume density^[12]

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图 7 边长200 mm、板厚4 mm的钢箱内爆部分实验结果^[60]

Figure 7. Partial experimental results of explosion insteel boxes with aside length of 200 mm and a wall thickness of 4 mm^[60]

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图 8 爆炸作用下加筋处的撕裂破坏^[66]

Figure 8. Tear damage of stiffeners under explosion^[66]

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图 9 加筋板的3种变形模式^[68]

Figure 9. Three deformation modes of stiffened plates^[68]

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图 10 加筋固支板在爆炸载荷作用下变形模式的数值模拟^[71]

Figure 10. Numerically simulated deformation mode of the stiffened plate under explosion load^[71]

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图 11 单箱室结构破坏模式概念图^[73]

Figure 11. Conceptual diagramson damage modes of a cabin^[73]

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图 12 内部爆炸引起的壁板两种破坏模式^[75]

Figure 12. Two damage modes of wall panels caused by internal explosion^[75]

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图 13 建筑物、舰船等多箱型结构爆炸破坏范围和模式示意图

Figure 13. Damage range and patterns of multi-box structures such as buildings and ships under internal explosion

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图 14 典型舰船舱室内部爆炸引起的结构破坏^[76]

Figure 14. Structural damage caused by explosion in a typical ship cabin^[76]

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图 15 破片和冲击波联合作用下的舱室结构的破坏效应^[78]

Figure 15. Damage effect of a cabin structure under the combined action of fragments and shock wave^[78]

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图 16 舰船结构缩比模型内部爆炸破坏^[81]

Figure 16. Damage of the scaled ship structural model by internal explosion^[81]

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图 17 多箱型结构“十”形破坏效果^[81]

Figure 17. Cross-shaped damage effect of a multi-box structure^[81]

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图 18 多箱型结构的“十”形破坏与非“十”形破坏形式

Figure 18. Cross-shaped and non-cross-shaped damage modes of multi-cabin structures

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