新型发射药爆炸TNT当量系数的实验研究

高金明; 曾丹; 孙磊; 陈力; 何成龙

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2020-0432

新型发射药爆炸TNT当量系数的实验研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0432

高金明^1,,
曾丹¹,
孙磊¹,
陈力^2, ,,
何成龙³

1.
中国兵器工业火炸药工程与安全技术研究院，北京 100053
2.
东南大学爆炸安全防护教育部工程研究中心，江苏南京 211189
3.
中北大学机电工程学院，山西太原 030051

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51978166）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（2242021R10131）

详细信息

作者简介:
高金明（1993－　），男，硕士，助理工程师，janekingeo@163.com

通讯作者:
陈　力（1982－　），男，博士，教授，li.chen@seu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O382.1
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- 文章访问数: 709
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- 被引次数: 8
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-11-24
- 修回日期: 2020-12-28
- 网络出版日期: 2021-09-01
- 刊出日期: 2021-10-13

Experimental study on TNT equivalent coefficients for two new kinds of propellants

GAO Jinming^1
,,
ZENG Dan¹,
SUN Lei¹,
CHEN Li^{2
, ,},
HE Chenglong³

1.
China Ordnance Engineering and Safety Technology Research Institute, Beijing 100053, China
2.
Engineering Research Center of Safety and Protection of Explosion and Impact of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
3.
College of Mechatronics Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi, China

摘要

摘要: TNT当量系数是危险品工程抗爆设计和安全距离确定的重要依据。为确定H1和H2两种新型高能发射药的TNT当量系数，分别开展了10 kg TNT和新型发射药的空气自由场静爆实验。基于修正的当量系数计算方法和测量得到的不同爆心距离处冲击波超压时程曲线，确定了不同比例距离处两种高能发射药的超压和比冲量TNT当量系数。研究结果表明，发射药爆炸产生的冲击波传播规律与TNT炸药爆炸产生的冲击波传播规律相同，符合爆炸相似律，相同质量发射药爆炸产生的冲击波超压和比冲量都显著高于TNT的。随着比例距离的增大，H1的超压当量系数先增大后减小，最大值为1.34；H2的超压当量系数逐渐减小，最大值为1.26。两种新型发射药的比冲量TNT当量系数均随比例距离的增大先减小后增大，H2的比冲量TNT当量系数大于H1的，最大值为1.38。本文中修正的计算方法能更准确计算被试样品的TNT当量系数，实验结果可为提高抗爆结构安全性设计提供参考。
- 发射药 /
- TNT当量系数 /
- 超压 /
- 比冲量 /
- 静爆
Abstract: The TNT equivalent coefficient is an important evidence to guide the blast-resistant design and safe-distance determination for dangerous goods. To find out the TNT equivalent coefficients of two new kinds of propellants (H1, H2), a series of free-field static detonation tests were performed for the two propellants (H1, H2) and flaky 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). Five repeated tests were carried out for each explosive and the mass of the tested explosive was 10 kg in each test. And the existing method for calculating the TNT equivalent coefficients was modified. Base on the overpressure-time curves of the shock waves at different distances from the explosion centers, the TNT equivalent coefficients for overpressure and specific impulse at different scaling distances were analyzed by the modified calculation method. The results show that the propagations of shock waves induced by explosions of the propellants agree well with the similar law, and are similar with that induced by explosion of the TNT explosive. Meanwhile, the overpressures and specific impulses of shock waves induced by explosions of the two propellants are much higher than those of the TNT explosive. With the increase of scaling distance, the overpressure TNT equivalent coefficient of H1 first increases to 1.34 and then decreases, while that of H2 decrease monotonously, and the maximum value is 1.26. With the increase of the scaling distance, both the specific impulse TNT equivalent coefficients of H1 and H2 first increase and then decrease. The specific impulse TNT equivalent coefficient of H1 with the peak value 1.38 is greater than that of H2. The modified method can be used to accurately calculate the TNT equivalent coefficients of the tested samples, and the results can improve the safety design of blast-resistant structures.
- propellant /
- TNT equivalent coefficient /
- overpressure /
- specific impulse /
- static explosive

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图 1 相关炸药外形尺寸特征

Figure 1. Size characteristics of related explosives

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图 2 专用测试场

Figure 2. Special test field

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图 3 测点传感器布置

Figure 3. Layout of sensors at measuring points

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图 4 测试系统连接示意图

Figure 4. Test system connection diagram

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图 5 10 kg TNT爆炸产生的冲击波超压峰值随比例距离的衰减（对数坐标）

Figure 5. Attenuation of shock wave overpressure peak induced by explosion of a 10-kg TNT charge with scaling distancein logarithmic coordinates

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图 6 10 kg TNT、H1、H2爆炸产生的冲击波超压峰值随爆心距离的变化（对数坐标）

Figure 6. Changes of shock wave overpressure peaks induced by explosions of three 10-kg explosive charges (TNT, H1, H2) with the distances from the explosion centers in logarithmic coordinates, respectively

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图 7 10 kg TNT、H1、H2爆炸产生的冲击波的比冲量随爆心距离的变化（对数坐标）

Figure 7. Changes of shock wave specific impulses induced by explosions of three 10-kg explosive charges (TNT, H1, H2) with the distances from the explosion centers in logarithmic coordinates, respectively

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图 8 10 kg H1、H2爆炸产生的冲击波超压TNT当量系数峰值随比例距离的变化

Figure 8. Changes of peak TNT equivalent coefficients for overpressures of shock waves induced by explosions of two 10-kg propellants (H1, H2) with proportional distance, respectively

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图 9 10 kg H1、H2爆炸产生的冲击波比冲量TNT当量系数峰值随比例距离的变化

Figure 9. Changes of peak TNT equivalent coefficientsfor specific impulses of shock waves induced by explosions of two 10-kg propellants (H1, H2) with proportional distance, respectively

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表 1 式（1）～（4）中的相关物理参数

Table 1. Physical parameters for formulas (1) − (4)

量符号	含义
$\Delta {{p}}$	经气象修正后的冲击波超压峰值，单位为MPa
$\Delta {{{p}}'}$	实验场大气条件下测量的冲击波超压峰值，单位为MPa
${p_0}$	标准大气压，取值101.325 kPa
$p_0'$	现场大气压，单位为kPa
$R$	经气象修正后的各测点到爆心实际距离，单位为m
${{{R}}'}$	实验现场大气条件下测量各测点到爆心实际距离，单位为m
$t$	经气象修正后的各测点处冲击波正压作用时间，单位为ms
${t'}$	实验现场大气条件下测量得到的各测点处冲击波正压作用时间，单位为ms
${T_0}$	标准大气压条件下的绝对温度，取值288.16 K
$T_0'$	实验现场大气条件下测量到的绝对温度，单位为K
$I$	经气象修正后的各测点处冲击波比冲量，单位为kPa·ms
${I'}$	实验现场大气条件下测量并计算得到的各测点处冲击波超压比冲量，单位为kPa·ms

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表 2 不同爆心距离处10 kg TNT爆炸产生的冲击波超压峰值平均值

Table 2. Average values of shock wave overpressure peaks induced by explosion of a 10-kg TNT charge at different distances from the explosion center

R/m	$\Delta {p_{{\text{TNT,a}}}}$ /MPa	R/m	$\Delta {p_{{\text{TNT,a}}}}$ /MPa
2	3.004 9	25	0.010 0
3	1.198 0	30	0.008 1
5	0.227 9	40	0.005 1
7	0.086 0	50	0.004 2
10	0.041 6	60	0.003 0
15	0.023 2	85	0.001 9
20	0.014 3

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表 3 不同爆心距离处发射药（H1、H2）爆炸冲击波超压峰值平均值

Table 3. Average values of shock wave overpressure peaks induced by explosion of propellants (H1, H2) at different distances from the explosion center

R/m	$\Delta {p_{{\text{H1,a}}}}$ /MPa	$\Delta {p_{{\text{H2,a}}}}$ /MPa	R/m	$\Delta {p_{{\text{H1,a}}}}$ /MPa	$\Delta {p_{{\text{H2,a}}}}$ /MPa
2	3.307 0	3.780 2	25	0.0113	0.011 2
3	1.306 8	1.269 7	30	0.008 9	0.008 3
5	0.280 3	0.241 2	40	0.005 6	0.005 0
7	0.100 0	0.095 9	50	0.004 5	0.004 0
10	0.045 3	0.043 7	60	0.003 5	0.002 9
15	0.025 6	0.024 4	85	0.002 4	0.001 8
20	0.015 8	0.014 7

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