充-岩界面耦合体爆破动力响应机理

胡建华; 张涛; 丁啸天; 温观平; 文增生; 郭萌萌

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2020-0433

充-岩界面耦合体爆破动力响应机理

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0433

1.
中南大学资源与安全工程学院，湖南长沙 410000
2.
山东华联矿业股份有限公司，山东淄博 255000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(41672298)；中南大学研究生自主探索创新项目(2021zzts0883)

详细信息

作者简介:
胡建华（1975－　），男，博士，教授，hujh21@csu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
张　涛（1997－　），男，硕士研究生，tao_zhang66@csu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O382.2; TD853
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- 文章访问数: 597
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- 被引次数: 1
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-11-24
- 修回日期: 2020-12-30
- 网络出版日期: 2021-07-23
- 刊出日期: 2021-08-05

Dynamic response mechanism of a rock-filling interfacial coupling body to blasting in it

1.
School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
2.
Shandong Hualian Mining Co., Ltd., Zibo 255000, Shandong, China

摘要

摘要: 充填采矿法的充填体与矿岩体构成的界面耦合结构体，受采矿爆破影响会持续受到动力扰动，在充-岩界面耦合处易产生脱粘、裂隙扩展等行为，为井下生产带来安全隐患。采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立了充-岩界面耦合体模型，分析了爆破作用对界面耦合体结构的力学影响，获取了不同界面粗糙度、充填体养护龄期和起爆方式等因素对爆破裂隙扩展及应力波峰值应力的影响，探讨了爆破动力作用机理。结果表明：（1）爆破冲击在界面耦合体中存在拉、压和剪3种力学作用，且随着界面粗糙度的提高，界面受力呈先上升后下降趋势；（2）随着充填体养护时间增长，界面破坏逐步从受拉转化成剪切损伤；（3）同时起爆对耦合界面的损伤比逐孔起爆的小。
- 耦合结构体 /
- 爆炸冲击 /
- 动力扰动 /
- 裂纹扩展
Abstract: The interfacial coupling structure between the backfill and ore rock body in the filling mining method will be continuously disturbed by the influence of mining and blasting. In the filling-rock interfacial coupling, it is easy to produce the behaviors of debonding and fissure expansion, which will bring potential safety hazards to underground production. Because the field experiment is time-consuming and laborious, and it is difficult to observe the impact effect and the rock crack propagation process when the explosive is detonated, the simulation method was adopted for research. In the simulation, reasonable simplification is particularly important. According to the actual situation of blasting hole layout, the three rows of blasting holes that were detonated at one time were simplified into a single-row blasting hole model and an edge blasting hole model. According to the research results in related literatures, the coupling surfaces of the filling bodies and the ore rocks were simplified into three kinds (a flat interface, wavy interface and serrated interface). The three different shapes of the interfaces correspond to the different roughnesses of the interfaces, respectively. By considering that the hole arrangement method used in stope blasting is vertical hole arrangement, the holes are parallel, and at the same time, in order to improve the calculation of the software efficiency, simplified the three-dimensional model of the stope into a two-dimensional plane model. After a series of simplifications, a physical model for the filling-rock interface coupling body was proposed, and the corresponding geometric analysis model was established by using the ANSYS/LS-DYNA software And different material parameters were assigned to the different parts of the model, and the blasting effect was analyzed by software calculation. The mechanical influence of the interface coupling body structure was obtained, and the response law of different interface roughness, the curing age of the filling body and the blasting method on the blasting shock was obtained, and the mechanism of the blasting dynamics was discussed. The research results can reveal mechanical behaviors such as debonding and crack propagation at the coupling of filling-rock interface, and clarify the influence of different factors on the law of blasting shock response and the mechanism of blasting dynamics, which has certain guiding significance for downhole safety production. The results show as follows. (1) The blasting impact has three mechanical effects in the interface coupling body: tension, pressure and shear. When the stress wave passes through the interface, the peak acceleration of the monitoring point at the interface will increase due to different degrees of refraction. After passing through the coupling interface, the stress wave energy decays rapidly. (2) The impact of different interface roughness on blasting action is different. The joint roughness coefficient (JRC) represents the roughness of the interface coupling body. With the increase of the JRC value, the interface stress tends to rise first and then decline, but the overall damage decreases. (3) As the curing time of the backfill increases, the fracture range at the coupling interface shrinks, and the interface damage gradually changes from tensile damage to shear damage. (4) The damage of different detonation modes to the interface coupling body is different, and the damage of simultaneous detonation to the coupling interface is weaker than that of hole-by-hole detonation.
- coupling structure /
- explosive impact /
- dynamic disturbance /
- crack propagation

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图 1 炮孔布置

Figure 1. Arrangement of blasting holes

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图 2 物理模型(以单排炮孔模型为例）

Figure 2. The physical model (taking the single-row blasting hole model as an example)

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图 3 网格划分（以两帮炮孔模型为例)

Figure 3. Grid division (taking the edge blasting hole model as an example)

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图 4 爆破应力云图（以7 d龄期的平直形界面耦合体为例）

Figure 4. Blasting stress nephograms (taking the 7-day-age coupling body with a flat interface as an example)

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图 5 监测点布置方式示意

Figure 5. Layout of monitoring points

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图 6 监测点应力时程曲线对比（以7 d龄期的平直形界面耦合体为例）

Figure 6. Comparison of stress-time curves at the monitoring points (taking the 7-day-age coupling body with a flat interface as an example)

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图 7 监测点加速度时程曲线对比（以7 d龄期的平直形界面耦合体为例）

Figure 7. Comparison of acceleration-time curves at the monitoring points (taking the 7-day-age coupling body with a flat interface as an example)

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图 8 不同粗糙度耦合界面爆破裂隙对比（以采用不同炮孔模型逐孔起爆的7 d龄期界面耦合体为例）

Figure 8. Comparison of blasting cracks at different roughness coupling interfaces (taking the 7-day-age interface coupling body detonated hole by hole based on different blasing hole models as an example)

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图 9 不同龄期、不同界面粗糙度界面耦合体爆破裂隙对比（以基于单排炮孔模型逐孔起爆的界面耦合体为例）

Figure 9. Comparison of blasting cracks in different-age interfacial coupling bodies with different interface roughnesses (taking the interface coupling bodies detonated hole by hole based on the the single-row blasting hole model as an example)

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图 10 不同龄期、不同界面粗糙度界面耦合体爆破裂隙对比（以基于两帮炮孔模型逐孔起爆的界面耦合体为例）

Figure 10. Comparison of blasting cracks in different-age interfacial coupling bodies with different interface roughnesses (taking the interface coupling bodies detonated hole by hole based on the the edge blasting hole model as an example)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 基于单排炮孔模型，不同起爆方式下，界面粗糙度不同的7 d龄界面耦合体爆破裂隙对比

Figure 11. Comparison of blasting cracks in 7-day-age interface coupling bodies with different interfacial roughnesses detonated by different modes based on the single-row blasting holde model

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 基于两帮炮孔模型，不同起爆方式下，界面粗糙度不同的7 d龄界面耦合体爆破裂隙对比

Figure 12. Comparison of blasting cracks in 7-day-age interface coupling bodies with different interfacial roughnesses detonated by different modes based on the edge blasting holde model

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 炮孔布置参数

Table 1. Parameters of blasting hole arrangement

布置方式	炸药密度/（kg·m⁻³）	孔径/mm	孔深/m	炮孔排距/m	炮孔间距/m
垂直中深孔	1060	90	8	2	2

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表 2 耦合界面形态及对应节理粗糙度

Table 2. Coupling interface morphologies and the corresponding joint roughness coefficients

耦合界面类别	剖面线形态	${c}_{\rm{jr}}$
平直形		0
波浪形		8.12
锯齿形		18.38

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表 3 炸药材料及JWL状态方程参数

Table 3. Parameters for explosive materials and JWL equation of state

密度/（kg·m⁻³）	爆速/（km·s⁻¹）	A/GPa	B/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω	E/GPa
1 060	4	220	0.2	4.5	1.1	0.35	4.2

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表 4 岩石和充填体材料参数

Table 4. Parameters for rocks and filling materials

材料	密度/(kg·m⁻³)	泊松比	弹性模量/GPa	单轴抗压强度/GPa
岩石	2 551	0.25	25.00	100.00
7 d龄期充填体	2 180	0.31	0.92	2.10
28 d龄期充填体	2 200	0.24	2.20	4.17

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表 5 不同粗糙度界面耦合体监测点1～4峰值拉应力

Table 5. Peak tensile stress at monitoring points 1−4 in the interface coupling bodies with different roughnesses

监测点编号	单排炮孔峰值拉应力/MPa			两帮炮孔峰值拉应力/MPa
监测点编号	${c}_{\rm{jr}}$ =0	${c}_{\rm{jr}}$ =8	${c}_{\rm{jr}}$ =20	${c}_{\rm{jr}}$ =0	${c}_{\rm{jr}}$ =8	${c}_{\rm{jr}}$ =20
1	9.96	3.06	2.56	0.73	4.76	0.73
2	0	2.85	0.04	0.90	4.46	0.04
3	0	9.17×10⁻³	0.02	3.73×10⁻³	0.01	0.02
4	0	9.61×10⁻³	0.01	4.86×10⁻³	0.02	0.02

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表 6 不同龄期界面耦合体监测点1～4峰值拉应力

Table 6. Peak tensile stress at monitoring points 1−4 in different-age interface coupling bodies

监测点编号	单排炮孔峰值拉应力/MPa		两帮炮孔峰值拉应力/MPa
监测点编号	7 d龄期	28 d龄期	7 d龄期	28 d龄期
1	9.96	3.12	0.73	0.70
2	1.15×10^-3	2.10×10^-3	0.90	0.97
3	1.43×10^-3	0.03	3.73×10^-3	0.56
4	9.56×10^-4	0.02	4.86×10^-3	0.26

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表 7 不同起爆方式下界面耦合体监测点1～4峰值拉应力

Table 7. Peak tensile stress at monitoring points 1−4 in interfacial coupling bodies with different detonation modes

监测点编号	单排炮孔峰值拉应力/MPa		两帮炮孔峰值拉应力/MPa
监测点编号	同时起爆	逐孔起爆	同时起爆	逐孔起爆
1	9.96	2.66	0.73	14.64
2	0	0.09	0.90	2.34
3	0	0.05	3.73×10⁻³	0.19
4	0	0.04	4.86×10⁻³	0.16

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