纳米疏水性SiO<sub>2</sub>协同作用抑制丁烷爆炸速度与压力的耦合分析

谢继标; 张嘉琪; 丁策; 王晓丽

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2021-0016

纳米疏水性SiO₂协同作用抑制丁烷爆炸速度与压力的耦合分析

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0016

天津理工大学环境科学与安全工程学院，天津 300384

基金项目: 科技部国家重点研发计划（2018YFE0106400）；国家自然科学基金青年科学基金（41907329）

详细信息

作者简介:
谢继标（1996－　），男，硕士研究生，xjb603017@163.com

通讯作者:
王晓丽（1972－　），女，教授，tjutwxl@163.com

中图分类号: O389；X932
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-01-13
- 修回日期: 2021-03-22
- 网络出版日期: 2021-08-26
- 刊出日期: 2021-09-14

Coupling relationship between flame velocity and overpressure of butane explosion inhibited by synergistic effect of nanohydrophobic SiO₂

College of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究纳米疏水性SiO₂粉末作为阻燃剂和流动增强剂作用下丁烷爆炸速度与压力的耦合规律，在自行设计并搭建的基于LabVIEW控制系统的爆炸测试平台上开展了实验，通过休止角测试、SEM（scanning electron microscope）和EDS（energy dispersive spectrometer）分析了粉末团聚情况，分析了混合粉末抑制爆炸的机理，同时，实验了不同比例和不同浓度下纳米疏水性SiO₂改善CaCO₃粉末流动性并协同其抑制丁烷爆炸的效果，对爆炸火焰速度和压力的耦合关系进行了分析。结果表明，添加疏水性SiO₂可以使混合粉末的休止角降低，流动性增强，改善粉末的扩散效果和贮存能力，改变混合粉末的比例和浓度对燃烧反应有着显著的影响，在一定浓度范围内，粉末通过较大的比表面积和热解结合燃烧区域的自由基，使火焰传播速度和爆炸超压显著下降，但过大的粉末浓度会促进初期的爆炸，并且两种粉末协同对爆炸的抑制效果优于单一粉末。在混合粉末的抑制作用下，爆炸压力达到最大值时速度几乎降至最低，压力波形由持续上升变为单峰曲线。此外，在SiO₂和CaCO₃两种粉末质量比为1∶1混合、粉末质量浓度为106 g/m³时，对丁烷体积分数为4.20%的丁烷-空气混合气体爆炸的抑制效果最佳，火焰传播平均速度和最大爆炸超压的衰减率分别为85.5%和59.6%。
- 疏水性 /
- 纳米粉末 /
- 爆炸 /
- 协同抑制 /
- 传播速度 /
- 超压
Abstract: In order to explore the coupling of flame propagation velocity and pressure in butane gas explosion under the action of hydrophobic SiO₂ powder as flame retardant and flow-enhancing additive, experiments were carried out on a self-designed and constructed $\varnothing $100 mm×1 000 mm explosion test platform based on LabVIEW system. The agglomeration of powder and the mechanism of powder explosion suppression were analyzed through energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and thermogravimetric (TG). The effects of different proportion and concentration of hydrophobic nano SiO₂ powder on improving the flowability of CaCO₃ powder and synergistically inhibiting butane explosion,and the coupling relationship between flame propagation velocity and pressure change were studied. The results show that the addition of hydrophobic SiO₂ can reduce the angle of repose of the mixed powder and enhance the flowability. The residual amount of the powder decreases after spraying the powder, which proves that the diffusion effect and storability of the powder have been improved. Meanwhile, changing the proportion and concentration of the mixed powder has a significant effect on the combustion reaction. Within a certain concentration range, the powder is combined with the free radicals in the combustion area through larger specific surface area and pyrolysis, which significantly reduces the flame propagation velocity and explosion overpressure. However, excessive powder concentration promotes the explosion at the early stage, and the inhibition effect of the two powders on explosion is better than that of the single powder. Under the inhibition of the mixed powder, the flame velocity almost drops to the minimum when the explosion pressure reaches the maximum, and the pressure waveform changes from continuous rise to a single-peak curve. In addition, when the concentration is 106 g/m³ and the two powders are mixed in a mass ratio of 1∶1, the explosion suppression effect on 4.20% volume fraction butane-air mixture is the best, and the attenuation rates of average flame propagation velocity and maximum explosion overpressure are 85.5% and 59.6%, respectively, which effectively suppress the flame propagation velocity and explosion pressure.
- hydrophobic /
- nanometer powder /
- explosion /
- synergistic inhibition /
- propagation velocity /
- overpressure

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图 1 装置结构和局部实物图

Figure 1. Structure of the device and photographs of physical parts

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图 2 测试系统结构示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the structure of test system

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图 3 不同体积分数丁烷爆炸火焰传播速度

Figure 3. Flame propagation velocity of butane explosion with different volume fractions

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图 4 混合粉末抑制爆炸分析（热重分析（TG），图右上；能谱分析（EDS分层图像），图右下）

Figure 4. Explosion suppression analysis of mixed powder (Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) image, upper right; and energy dispersive spectrometer analysis (EDS layered image) image, lower right)

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图 5 不同实验工况下的混合粉末对火焰传播速度的影响

Figure 5. Flame propagation velocity under different experimental conditions

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图 6 不同实验工况下的衰减率

Figure 6. Decay rates under different experimental conditions

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图 7 不同质量浓度的混合粉末对火焰传播速度的影响

Figure 7. Flame propagation velocity at different powder concentrations

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图 8 不同质量浓度下的衰减率

Figure 8. Decay rates under different mass concentrations

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图 9 不同条件下4.20%的丁烷爆炸火焰传播速度与压力耦合关系

Figure 9. Coupling relationship between flame propagation velocity and pressure of 4.20% butane explosion under different conditions

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表 1 粉末参数

Table 1. Parameters of powder

工况（质量比）	休止角/（°）	比表面积/ （m²∙g⁻¹）	残余量/%
30nmCaCO₃	51.89	20	5.21
50nmSiO₂∶30nmCaCO₃ （1∶0.5）	40.58	127	4.78
50nmSiO₂∶30nmCaCO₃ （1∶1）	41.02	101	4.68
50nmSiO₂∶30nmCaCO₃ （1∶1.5）	42.18	84	4.55
50nmSiO₂∶30nmCaCO₃ （1∶2）	40.25	73	4.83

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