内埋炸药下超高韧性水泥基复合材料的抗爆性能

吴平; 徐世烺; 李庆华; 周飞; 陈柏锟; 蒋霄; AL MANSOURAhmed

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2021-0059

内埋炸药下超高韧性水泥基复合材料的抗爆性能

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0059

浙江大学高性能建筑结构与材料研究所，浙江杭州 310058

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51678522）；国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金（51622811）

详细信息

作者简介:
吴　平（1993－　），男，博士研究生，21712038@zju.edu.cn

通讯作者:
徐世烺（1953－　），男，博士，教授，slxu@zju.edu.cn

中图分类号: O383
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- 文章访问数: 467
- HTML全文浏览量: 247
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-02-07
- 修回日期: 2021-04-10
- 网络出版日期: 2021-06-21
- 刊出日期: 2021-07-05

Anti-explosion tests and numerical simulations of ultra-high toughness cementitious composites subjected to blast by embedded explosives

Institute of Advanced Engineering Structures and Materials, Zhejing University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究超高韧性水泥基复合材料(ultra-high toughness cementitious composites, UHTCC)在内埋炸药爆炸下的抗爆性能和损伤破坏规律，对不同炸药埋深下的UHTCC和高强混凝土(high-strength concrete, HSC)进行了内埋炸药抗爆实验。得到了两种材料靶体的破坏状态，并利用接触爆炸的实验结果计算出了两种材料的抗爆性能参数。结果表明，在相同条件下，UHTCC抗爆性能优于高强混凝土。为了进一步探究UHTCC的抗压强度、抗拉强度以及拉伸韧性对靶体在内埋炸药下抗爆性能的影响，首先，采用改进的K&C模型对炸药埋深为40 mm的超高韧性水泥基复合材料靶体进行数值模拟，模拟结果与实验结果基本吻合，并根据数值模拟的结果得到了爆炸冲击波沿靶体径向衰减速度大于轴向衰减速度这一规律，验证了数值模型的有效性；然后，通过调整改进K&C模型中与抗压强度、抗拉强度以及拉伸韧性相关的参数，数值预测了不同抗压强度、抗拉强度以及拉伸韧性下UHTCC靶体的破坏状态，发现增强UHTCC的韧性可以有效防止靶体发生整体性破坏，增大UHTCC的抗拉强度可以减小靶体迎爆面的开坑直径，增大UHTCC的抗压强度对减小开坑直径效果不明显。
- 超高韧性水泥基复合材料 /
- 内埋炸药 /
- 抗爆性能参数 /
- K&C模型
Abstract: To study the blast resistance and damage rule of ultra-high toughness cementitious composites (UHTCC) subjected to blast by embedded explosives, blast resistance tests of embedded explosives were carried out on UHTCC and high-strength concrete (HSC) with different embedded depths of explosives. The damage patterns of the targets of the two materials were obtained. Using the test results of contact explosion, the blast resistance parameters of the above two materials were calculated. The test results show that UHTCC has better blast resistance than high-strength concrete under the same test conditions. To further explore the influence of compressive strength, tensile strength and tensile toughness on the blast resistance of UHTCC targets to embedded explosives, the improved K&C model was used to numerically simulate the UHTCC target subjected to blast by explosives with an embedded depth of 40 mm. The simulation results were basically consistent with the experimental results. According to the results of numerical simulation, the rule that the attenuation speed of the explosion shock wave along the radial direction of target was greater than that along the axial direction was obtained, which verified the validity of the model. Then, by adjusting the parameters related to the compressive strength, tensile strength and tensile toughness in the modified K&C model, the damage patterns of the UHTCC targets with different compressive and tensile strengths and tensile toughness were predicted. It is found that enhancing the toughness of UHTCC can effectively prevent the target from undergoing overall damage, increasing the tensile strength of UHTCC can reduce the cratering diameter of the blasting surface, and increasing the compressive strength of the material has no obvious effect on reducing the cratering size. These studies can provide a basis for the application of UHTCC materials in protection engineering.
- ultra-high toughness cementitious composites /
- embedded explosives /
- blast resistance parameters /
- K&C model

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图 1 抗压强度、弹性模量和泊松比测试

Figure 1. Measurements of compressive strength, elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio

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图 2 UHTCC直接拉伸测试

Figure 2. Uniaxial tensile test of UHTCC

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图 3 HSC直接拉伸测试

Figure 3. Uniaxial tensile test of HSC

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图 4 抗爆炸实验靶体

Figure 4. A target for anti-blast experiment

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图 5 UHTCC靶体爆炸破坏形态示意图

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of explosion damage of the UHTCC target

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图 6 UHTCC靶体在不同炸药埋深下的破坏情况

Figure 6. Damage of UHTCC targets under different explosive depths

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图 7 HSC靶体在不同炸药埋深下的破坏情况

Figure 7. Damage of HSC targets under different explosive depths

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图 8 抗爆实验有限元模型

Figure 8. The finite element model of anti-blast experiment

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图 9 改进的K&C模型参数和自动生成的K&C模型参数预测的UHTCC拉伸和压缩应力应变曲线

Figure 9. The tensile and compressive stress-strain curves of UHTCC predicted by parameters of modified K&C model and auto-generated parameters of K&C model

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图 10 不同侵蚀应变阈值下U-2的模拟结果

Figure 10. Simulation results of target U-2 under different erosion strain thresholds

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图 11 UHTCC靶体破坏模式

Figure 11. Damage modes of a UHTCC target

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图 12 UHTCC靶体压力时程曲线

Figure 12. Pressure-time curves of the UHTCC target

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图 13 抗压强度对UHTCC靶体破坏形态的影响

Figure 13. The effect of compressive strength on the damage pattern of UHTCC targets

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图 14 抗拉强度对UHTCC靶体破坏形态的影响

Figure 14. The effect of tensile strength on the damage pattern of UHTCC targets

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图 15 损伤参数b₂对单轴拉伸应力应变曲线的影响

Figure 15. The effect of damage parameter b₂ on uniaxial tensile stress-strain relationship

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图 16 拉伸韧性对UHTCC靶体破坏形态的影响

Figure 16. The effect of tensile toughness on the damage pattern of UHTCC targets

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表 1 PVA纤维的性能指标

Table 1. Performance index of PVA fiber

纤维	直径/μm	长度/mm	弹性模量/GPa	极限应变/%	抗拉强度/MPa	密度/(g∙cm^-3)
PVA	39	11	40	6	1600	1.3

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表 2 UHTCC和HSC混凝土配合比

Table 2. Mix proportions of UHTCC and HSC

材料			含量/kg
材料	胶凝材料	砂子	减水剂	石子	水	PVA
UHTCC	1 405	281	2	0	390	26
HSC	451	544	0	1 270	185	0

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表 3 基本力学参数

Table 3. Basic mechanical parameters

材料	抗压强度/MPa	抗拉强度/MPa	弹性模量/GPa	泊松比	密度/（kg∙m⁻³）
UHTCC	56.06	4.08	16.75	0.248	1900
HSC	57.32	4.20	32.00	0.190	2270

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表 4 UHTCC靶体在不同炸药埋深下的爆炸实验结果

Table 4. Explosion experiment results of UHTCC targets under different depths of explosives

材料编号	h/mm	H/mm	D/mm	N	W_max/mm	S/%	V/%
U-1	0	22.22	93.20	0	0	4.67	99.99
U-2	40	69.80	240.2	7	2.7	29.76	97.19
U-3	80	104.70	212.0	8	2.0	26.11	96.06
U-4	120					100.00	46.38

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表 5 HSC混凝土靶体在不同炸药埋深下的爆炸实验结果

Table 5. Explosion test results of HSC concrete targets under different depths of explosives

材料编号	h/mm	H/mm	D/mm	S/%	V/%	爆炸后靶体的破坏形态
C-1	0	20.78	129	10.22	98.71	迎爆面形成一个较小的弹坑，无明显的裂缝产生
C-2	40			61.64	28.23	迎爆面损坏严重，背爆面有5条主裂缝，较为明显的震塌现象
C-3	80			100.00	4.84	靶体完全破碎成细小的骨料和一个残留的靶体
C-4	120			100.00	2.98	靶体完全被炸成骨料和一些混凝土块体

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表 6 56 MPa 超高韧性水泥基复合材料的K&C模型参数

Table 6. K&C model parameters of 56 MPa ultra-high toughness cementitious composites

状态方程参数
ε_v1	ε_v2	ε_v3	ε_v4	ε_v5	ε_v6	ε_v7	ε_v8	ε_v9	ε_v10
0	−0.0015	−0.0043	−0.0101	−0.0305	−0.0513	−0.0726	−0.0943	−0.174	−0.208
p₁	p₂	p₃	p₄	p₅	p₆	p₇	p₈	p₉	p₁₀
0.0	1.417×10⁷	3.089×10⁷	4.960×10⁷	9.423×10⁷	1.421×10⁸	2.016×10⁸	3.085×10⁸	1.801×10⁹	2.755×10⁹
k₁	k₂	k₃	k₄	k₅	k₆	k₇	k₈	k₉	k₁₀
9.444×10⁹	9.444×10⁹	9.576×10⁹	1.006×10¹⁰	1.197×10¹⁰	1.388×10¹⁰	1.579×10¹⁰	1.724×10¹⁰	3.878×10¹⁰	4.72×10¹⁰

本构模型参数
ρ₀	f_t	v	A₀_y	A₁_y	A₂_y	A₀	A₁	A₂	A₁_f
2 000	4.08×10⁶	0.24	14.44×10⁶	0.7349	5.470×10⁻⁹	19.9×10⁶	0.5363	1.443×10⁻⁹	0.5363
A_2f	b₁	b₂	b₃	Ω	λ₁	λ₂	λ₃	λ₄	λ₅
1.443×10⁻⁹	2.4	−11.3	0.03	0.5	0	8×10⁻⁶	2.4×10⁻⁵	4×10⁻⁵	5.6×10⁻⁵
λ₆	λ₇	λ₈	λ₉	λ₁₀	λ₁₁	λ₁₂	λ₁₃	η₁	η₂
7.2×10⁻⁵	8.8×10⁻⁵	3.2×10⁻⁴	5.2×10⁻⁴	5.7×10⁻⁴	1.0	100	1×10¹⁰	0.0	0.85
η₃	η₄	η₅	η₆	η₇	η₈	η₉	η₁₀	η₁₁	η₁₂	η₁₃
0.97	0.99	1.0	0.99	0.97	0.5	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

应变率参数
$\dot \varepsilon $	−100000	−4786	−1737	−631	−380	−229	−138	−83	−50
r_f	9.97	9.65	9.28	8.61	8.11	7.49	6.77	5.96	5.12
$\dot \varepsilon $	−30	−18	−11	−4.0	−0.9	−1×10⁻⁶	1×10⁻⁶	30	50
r_f	4.31	3.57	2.94	2.04	1.37	1.0	1.0	1.16	1.26
$\dot \varepsilon $	83	138	229	380	631	1047	1738	4786	100000
r_f	1.41	1.61	1.86	2.13	2.37	2.56	2.70	2.85	2.94

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