锥形长药柱水下爆炸冲击波参数计算方法

徐维铮; 黄超; 张磐; 黄宇; 曾繁; 王星; 郑贤旭

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2021-0095

锥形长药柱水下爆炸冲击波参数计算方法

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0095

徐维铮^1,,
黄超^{2, 3, ,},
张磐^{2, 3},
黄宇¹,
曾繁^{2, 3},
王星^{2, 3},
郑贤旭¹

1.
中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所，四川绵阳 621999
2.
中国工程物理研究院高性能数值模拟软件中心，北京 100088
3.
北京应用物理与计算数学研究所，北京 100088

基金项目: 科学挑战专题（TZ2018002）；中国工程物理研究院创新发展基金（PY20200150）

详细信息

作者简介:
徐维铮（1991－　），男，博士，助理研究员, xuweizheng@whut.edu.cn

通讯作者:
黄　超（1984－　），男，博士，副研究员, huangchao21cn@126.com

中图分类号: O382.1
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- 文章访问数: 432
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-19
- 录用日期: 2021-12-01
- 修回日期: 2021-06-14
- 网络出版日期: 2021-12-02
- 刊出日期: 2022-01-20

A method for calculating underwater explosion shock wave parameters of slender cone-shaped charges

XU Weizheng^1
,,
HUANG Chao^{2, 3
, ,},
ZHANG Pan^{2, 3},
HUANG Yu¹,
ZENG Fan^{2, 3},
WANG Xing^{2, 3},
ZHENG Xianxu¹

1.
Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China
2.
Software Center for High Performance Numerical Simulation, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100088, China
3.
Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China

摘要

摘要: 为了计算锥形长药柱水下爆炸冲击波压力，以及研究长脉宽冲击波的传输特性，基于叠加原理建立了冲击波压力-时间曲线的计算方法，通过实验验证了该方法的有效性，在此基础上分析了锥形长药柱不同方位冲击波压力的分布规律。研究结果表明：锥形长药柱产生的冲击波压力具有各向异性，在起爆端一侧形成的是具有厚波头特征的低幅值长脉宽冲击波，在装药径向形成的是接近指数衰减的高幅值冲击波，而在远离起爆端的冲击波压力幅值和脉宽则介于前两者之间。锥形长药柱与球形装药冲击波分布的差异是由于装药形状和起爆方式的改变所导致的，由于装药不同部位起爆的时间差，导致水下爆炸冲击波在不同位置的叠加效果存在明显差异，药柱周围流场中形成的冲击波压力具有方向性。利用提出的计算方法得到的计算结果与实验结果和数值模拟结果吻合较好，研究结果可为锥形长药柱水下爆炸冲击波威力场和毁伤评估提供参考和依据。
- 水下爆炸 /
- 冲击波 /
- 锥形长药柱 /
- 长脉宽压力
Abstract: In order to estimate the underwater explosion shock wave pressure of slender cone-shaped charges and to study the characteristic of long duration shock waves, an engineering model based on the superposition principle was proposed. Cone-shaped charges are usually used to simulate the far-field shock wave of large equivalent explosives, and the wave strength is generally on the order of MPa, which can be regarded as a weak shock wave, so the problem can be simplified based on the acoustic approximation assumption. Based on the above analysis, the cone-shaped charge is divided into several small charges, and then the shock wave pressure generated by each small charge in the water is superimposed according to the propagation order of the detonation wave to obtain the shock wave pressure curve of the whole cone-shaped charge. The validity of the model was verified through experimental results. Then, the transmission characteristics and the pressure profile of the shock wave at different azimuths of the cone-shaped charge were analyzed. The results show that the shock wave is anisotropic around the charge. Long duration, low amplitude shock waves with a thick wave head are generated at the detonation end. Exponential decaying shock waves with high amplitude are formed on the side of the charge, while on the opposed side of the detonation end the amplitude and duration of the shock wave are between the former two. The differences in the shock wave distributions between the cone-shaped and spherical charges are related to their shapes and detonation methods. Due to the differences in the explosion initiation times of different parts of the explosive charge, the superimposition effect of shock waves at different azimuths is obviously different, which result in an anisotropic pressure field. The proposed method is in good agreement with the experimental and numerical simulation results, which can provide reference and basis for the power and damage assessment of the underwater explosion shock wave of the cone-shaped charges.s of cone-shaped charges.
- underwater explosion /
- shock wave /
- cone-shaped charge /
- long duration pressure

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图 1 锥形长药柱结构示意图

Figure 1. Construction of a cone-shaped charge

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图 2 冲击波压力的指数衰减模型

Figure 2. Fit of the shock-wave pressure profile by exponential models

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图 3 锥形长药柱分段示意图

Figure 3. Discretization of the cone-shaped charge into subsegments

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图 4 锥形长药柱几何结构示意图

Figure 4. Structures of slender cone-shaped charges

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图 5 锥形长药柱水中冲击波测试示意图

Figure 5. Measurement of underwater shock waves induced by a cone-shaped charge

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图 6 测试系统示意图

Figure 6. Construction of the measurement system

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图 7 锥形长药柱0°、90°、180°方位的冲击波压力曲线对比

Figure 7. Comparison of the pressure curves in the directions of 0°, 90° and 180° at different distances from the centers of the slender cone-shaped charges

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图 8 距离锥形装药中心3 m处不同方位的冲击波峰值压力对比（三维幅值图）

Figure 8. Comparison of the peak pressures at 3 m from the centers of the cone-shaped charges (three-dimensional amplitude plots)

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图 9 距离锥形装药中心3 m处不同方位的冲击波峰值压力（极坐标图）

Figure 9. Distributions of the peak pressures at 3 m from the centers of the cone-shaped charges (polar coordinate plots)

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图 10 距离锥形装药中心3 m处不同方位的冲击波脉宽（极坐标图）

Figure 10. Distributions of the pressure duration at 3 m from the centers of the cone-shaped charges (polar coordinate plots)

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表 1 锥形长药柱几何参数

Table 1. Geometric parameters for the slender cone-shaped charges

装药结构 l₁/mm l₂/mm d₁/mm d₂/mm d₃/mm W/kg

单锥长药柱 2 000 35.9 71.8 7.5
双锥长药柱 300 1200 27.5 55.0 82.5 7.8

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表 2 锥形长药柱材料参数

Table 2. Material parameters for the slender cone-shaped charges

装药类型 ρ/(kg·m⁻³) D/(km·s⁻¹) c/(km·s⁻¹) α₁ α₂

TNT 1 580 6.9 1.5 1.18 −0.185

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