结构冲击动力学进展(2010-2020)

余同希 朱凌 许骏

余同希, 朱凌, 许骏. 结构冲击动力学进展(2010-2020)[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2021, 41(12): 121401. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0113
引用本文: 余同希, 朱凌, 许骏. 结构冲击动力学进展(2010-2020)[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2021, 41(12): 121401. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0113
YU Tongxi, ZHU Ling, XU Jun. Progress in structural impact dynamics during 2010−2020[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2021, 41(12): 121401. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0113
Citation: YU Tongxi, ZHU Ling, XU Jun. Progress in structural impact dynamics during 2010−2020[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2021, 41(12): 121401. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0113

结构冲击动力学进展(2010-2020)

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0113
详细信息
    作者简介:

    余同希(1941- ),男,博士,教授,metxyu@ust.hk

  • 中图分类号: O385

Progress in structural impact dynamics during 2010−2020

  • 摘要: 本文综述结构冲击动力学的国内外研究进展,在时间区间上聚焦于2010—2020这十来年发表的文献,同时提及在此之前的奠基性工作。在内容上,首先着眼于结构冲击动力学的基本科学问题,如概念、模型和工具,它们源于和用于结构在爆炸与冲击下的塑性动力响应、失效和重复受载等;也介绍典型薄壁结构件的动力行为,以及运动的物体和结构物对固壁的撞击和反弹。注意到近十多年来由于轻质材料(如多胞材料、3D打印的超材料等)和以它们为芯层的轻质结构的大量涌现,以及对生物材料和仿生结构的极大兴趣,对这些材料和结构的冲击动力学行为的研究构成了本文的后半部分。最后指出,在多尺度框架下以更全面的视角研究材料-结构-性能的内在规律,已成为推动冲击动力学继续发展的一个强大的新趋势。
  • 图  1  理想刚塑性固支方板在LRED脉冲载荷作用下的响应区域划分图[29]

    Figure  1.  Response map for a fully clamped rigid-perfectly plastic square plate subjected to an LRED pressure pulse[29]

    图  2  膜力因子法与饱和分析结合得到的方板在脉冲载荷下的塑性动力响应[30-31]

    Figure  2.  Dynamic plastic response of square plates under pulse loading analysed by the combination of the membrane factor method (MFM) and the saturation analysis (SA)[30-31]

    图  3  任意形状脉冲的Youngdahl等效技术[49]

    Figure  3.  Demonstration of Youngdahl equivalent method for a pulse of arbitrary shape[49]

    图  4  3种脉冲等效技术的对比(图中$\lambda $为载荷比)[26]

    Figure  4.  Comparison of three equivalent methods (EMs) with $\lambda $being the loading ratio[26]

    图  5  基于饱和分析的脉冲等效技术在舱室内爆中的应用[52]

    Figure  5.  Application of the saturation equivalent method in cabin explosion[52]

    图  6  脉冲载荷下固支方板的失效模式[81]

    Figure  6.  Failure modes of fully-constrained square plates under impulsive loadings[81]

    图  7  矩形脉冲载荷作用下的固支方板拉伸失效p-I(超压-冲量)图[28]

    Figure  7.  p-I diagram on tensile failure of fully clamped square plates under rectangular pulse loading[28]

    图  8  无量纲饱和冲量叠加在载荷参数空间上的等值线[107]

    Figure  8.  Contours of non-dimensional saturated impulse superimposed on the loading parameters space[107]

    图  9  脉冲和准静态加载下钢/铜板中心点变形量与脉冲载荷作用次数的关系[110]

    Figure  9.  Variation of the midpoint displacement of steel and copper plates with the number of loading impulses[110]

    图  10  结构遭受刚性质块反复碰撞实验

    Figure  10.  Repeated impact experiments of structures impinged by a rigid indenter

    图  11(a)  板塑性变形的刚塑性理论方法对比结果[130]

    Figure  11(a).  Comparison of plastic deformation obtained from different methods[130]

    11(b)  反复碰撞载荷下刚度变形特性[124]

    11(b).  Variation of stiffness under repeated impact loading[124]

    图  12  室温和低温环境下结构永久变形值随碰撞次数的变化关系[126]

    Figure  12.  Relationship of permanent deformation at room and low temperatures versus the number of impacts[126]

    图  13  嵌套的薄圆环组承受横向冲击后的变形形态[137]

    Figure  13.  Deformed configurations of a nested ring under transverse impact[137]

    图  14  在轴向冲击下的折板胞元的串列[147]

    Figure  14.  A chain of pre-bent plates under axial impact[147]

    图  15  受到30 m/s子弹撞击后的圆管[163]

    Figure  15.  Circular tubes after impact by a bullet traveling at 30 m/s[163]

    图  16  圆管梁承受横向均布矩形压力脉冲及其截面的畸变模式[169-170]

    Figure  16.  A beam of circular tubular cross-section subjected to transverse pressure as rectangular pulse as well as its cross-section distortion mode[169-170]

    图  17  对圆管施加横向爆炸载荷的实验装置[171]

    Figure  17.  Experimental setup for a circular tube subjected to explosion in its lateral direction[171]

    图  18(a)  准静态加载和动态加载下球冠变形剖面的比较[195]

    Figure  18(a).  Deformed profiles of a spherical shell under quasi-static and dynamic loadings[195]

    18(b)  加载速度为30 m/s时力随位移的变化[195]

    18(b).  Variation of the force with the displacement under the loading speed of 30 m/s[195]

    图  19  考虑局部剪切变形区的球冠动态变形模型[196]

    Figure  19.  Dynamic deformation model of a spherical shell with local shear region being considered[196]

    图  20  撞击接触时间和恢复系数随撞击速度的变化[226]

    Figure  20.  Contact time and restitution coefficient varying with impact velocity[226]

    图  21  摆锤撞击玻璃板[234]

    Figure  21.  A glass panel impacted by a pendulum[234]

    图  22  圆环撞击固壁后的动态变形模式[243]

    Figure  22.  Dynamic deformation modes of a circular ring after it impinged onto a rigid wall[243]

    图  23  圆环对固壁的撞击实验结果和数值模拟结果的比较[246]

    Figure  23.  Comparisons of experiments and numerical simulations for a circular ring impinging onto a rigid wall[246]

    图  24  乒乓球撞击厚板的实验装置[247]

    Figure  24.  Experimental setup for a ping-pong ball impinging onto a thick plate[247]

    图  25  不同撞击速度(速度由左向右递增)产生的撞击区的顶视图[248]

    Figure  25.  Top-views of the collided region after collision at various velocities (the velocity increased from the left to the right)[248]

    图  26(a)  直杆对线弹簧的撞击与反弹[258]

    Figure  26(a).  Collision and rebounding of a straight rod on a linear spring[258]

    26(b)  恢复系数(COR)和无量纲的反弹时间(NRT)随刚度比$ \bar k $的变化[258]

    26(b).  Coefficient of restitution (COR) and non-dimensional rebounding time (NRT) varying with the rigidity ratio $ \bar k $[258]

    图  27  梁对理想弹簧的横向撞击[258]

    Figure  27.  Collision of beams onto ideally elastic springs[258]

    图  28(a)  二自由度质量-弹簧系统[259]

    Figure  28(a).  A two-degree-of-freedom mass-spring system[259]

    28(b)  恢复系数随质量比的变化[259]

    28(b).  COR varying with the mass ratio[259]

    图  29  六角形蜂窝材料[265]

    Figure  29.  Hexagonal honeycomb materials[265]

    图  30  蜂窝材料面内压缩变形模式[269]

    Figure  30.  Deformation modes of honeycombs under in-plane crushing[269]

    图  31(a)  八角点阵材料[324]

    Figure  31(a).  Octet-truss lattice[324]

    31(b)  锥形点阵材料[328]

    31(b).  Pyramidal lattice[328]

    31(c)  体心立方堆积(BCC)点阵材料[325]

    31(c).  Body-centered cubic (BCC) lattice[325]

    31(d)  具有不同胞元的锥形点阵材料应力-应变曲线(相对密度0.2)[328]

    31(d).  Stress-strain curves of pyramidal lattice with different unit cells (relative density 0.2)[328]

    31(e)  当相对密度变化时,BCC点阵材料应力-应变曲线[329]

    31(e).  Stress-strain curves of BCC lattice as the variation of relative density[329]

    图  32  典型shellular material[340]

    Figure  32.  Typical shellular material[340]

    图  33  传统点阵材料与shellular material压溃时应力-应变曲线对比[342]

    Figure  33.  Comparison of the stress-strain curves under crushing between traditional lattice material and shellular material[342]

    图  34(a)  周期性层状结构[344]

    Figure  34(a).  1D periodic structure[344]

    34(b)  典型共振单元[345]

    34(b).  The basic unit cell of a locally resonant sonic crystal[345]

    34(c)  声学超材料能带结构图[345]

    34(c).  Transmission characteristics of a sonic crystal[345]

    图  35(a)  一维颗粒晶体的基本构型[360]

    Figure  35(a).  The basic configuration of 1D granular crystal [360]

    35(b)  空心椭圆环颗粒晶体中应力波的衰减[376]

    35(b).  Stress wave attenuation in a 1D granular crystal composed of elliptical rings[376]

    图  36  复合材料夹层板在低速((4.8±0.2) m/s)[392]和高速((170.8±1.9) m/s)[393]冲击下的动态响应

    Figure  36.  Dynamic responses of sandwich structures under a low impact speed ((4.8±0.2) m/s)[392] and high impact speed ((170.8±1.9) m/s)[393]

    图  37(a)  泡沫金属夹芯板重复加卸载过程[415]

    Figure  37(a).  Repeated impacts of aluminum foam sandwich plates[415]

    37(b)  泡沫金属夹芯板破坏模式[415]

    37(b).  Repeated impact induced damage in aluminum foam sandwich plates[415]

    37(c)  上面板的塑性变形值随碰撞次数的变化关系[420]

    37(c).  Relationship between front face deflection and impact number[420]

    图  38  复合材料薄壁管渐进式压溃常见失效模式

    Figure  38.  Progressive crushing of composite tubes

    图  39  甲虫前翅微观结构[439-440]

    Figure  39.  Microstructures of beetle forewings[439-440]

    图  40  (a)螳螂虾趾肢的螺旋层状复合结构[449]和(b)结构断面的扫描电子显微镜图片[449]

    Figure  40.  (a) Illustration of a 3D helicoid[449] and (b) SEM figure of the chitin fibril helicoidal structural motif on dactyl clubs[449]

    图  41  趾肢表面纳米颗粒涂层的(a)扫描电子显微镜和(b)透射电子显微镜图片[451]

    Figure  41.  Nanoparticle coating on the dactyl club of mantis shrimps (a) SEM and (b) TEM images[451]

    图  42  山毛榉树干正交平面示意图以及在0.001 s−1应变率下山毛榉样品的切向和轴向压缩曲线[462]

    Figure  42.  Cut planes of the trunk tree and tangential and longitudinal responses of beech samples at the strain rate of 0.001 s−1[462]

    图  43  柚子皮微观结构

    Figure  43.  Microstructures of pomelo peel

    图  44  甲虫前翅启发得到的蜂窝材料[444]

    Figure  44.  Bionic honeycombs inspired by the internal structure of elytra[444]

    图  45  啄木鸟喙角蛋白间的波浪形缝线结构[455]和波浪形蜂窝材料胞元示意图

    Figure  45.  A cross-section view of a wavy suture line on woodpeckers’ beaks[455] and the unit cell of a wavy honeycomb

    图  46  面外加载时,波浪形蜂窝材料的变形模式[485]

    Figure  46.  The deformation mode of the wavy honeycomb under out-of-plane crushing[485]

    图  47(a)  柚子皮微观结构启发得到的多层级蜂窝材料[265]

    Figure  47(a).  Hierarchical honeycombs inspired by the microstructures of pomelo peel[265]

    47(b)  骨骼肌启发的多层级管状材料[486]

    47(b).  Muscle-inspired hierarchical structure[486]

    图  48  传统复合材料与仿生螺旋复合材料示意图[495]

    Figure  48.  Illustration of traditional composites and bio-inspired helicoidal composites[495]

    表  1  矩形脉冲载荷下不同结构的饱和参数

    Table  1.   Saturation parameters for different structures under rectangular pulse loading

    结构类型边界条件${\left(\dfrac{ { {W_0} } }{H}\right)_{ {\rm{sat} } } } $$ {\bar I_{ {\rm{sat} } } } $$ \lambda $$ {p_{\rm{y} } } $
    简支$\dfrac{1}{2}\lambda - \dfrac{1}{2}$$\dfrac{\text{π} }{ {\sqrt 6 } }\lambda$$(1,3]$$\dfrac{ { {\text{2} }{M_0} } }{ { {L^2} } }$
    固支$\lambda - 1$$\dfrac{\text{π} }{ {\sqrt 3 } }\lambda$$(1,3]$$\dfrac{ { {\text{4} }{M_0} } }{ { {L^2} } }$
    圆板简支$\lambda - 1$$\dfrac{\text{π} }{2}\lambda$$(1,2]$$\dfrac{ { {\text{6} }{M_0} } }{ { {R^2} } }$
    方板简支$\lambda - 1$$\dfrac{\text{π} }{2}\lambda$$(1,2]$$\dfrac{ {6{M_0} } }{ { {L^2} } }$
    方板固支$2\lambda - 2$$\dfrac{\text{π} }{ {\sqrt 2 } }\lambda$$(1,2]$$\dfrac{ {12{M_0} } }{ { {L^2} } }$
    圆柱壳等距刚性加固$\dfrac{1}{2}\lambda - \dfrac{1}{2}$$\dfrac{\text{π} }{ {\sqrt 6 } }\lambda$$(1,3]$$\dfrac{ { {N_0} } }{R}{\text{ + } }\dfrac{ {4{M_0} } }{ { {L^2} } }$
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  • 收稿日期:  2021-03-30
  • 修回日期:  2021-05-28
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