轻型陶瓷/金属复合装甲抗垂直侵彻过程中陶瓷碎裂行为研究

余毅磊; 蒋招绣; 王晓东; 杜成鑫; 杜忠华; 高光发

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2021-0134

轻型陶瓷/金属复合装甲抗垂直侵彻过程中陶瓷碎裂行为研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0134

余毅磊^1,,
蒋招绣²,
王晓东¹,
杜成鑫¹,
杜忠华¹,
高光发^{1, 2, ,}

1.
南京理工大学机械工程学院，江苏南京 210094
2.
宁波大学冲击与安全工程教育部重点实验室，浙江宁波 315211

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(11772160, 11472008, 11802001)；冲击与安全工程教育部重点实验室开放基金(CJ202006)。

详细信息

作者简介:
余毅磊（1997－　），男，博士研究生，yileiyu@njust.edu.cn

通讯作者:
高光发（1980－　），男，博士，教授，gfgao@ustc.edu.cn

中图分类号: O383；TJ012.4
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- 文章访问数: 512
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-04-14
- 修回日期: 2021-06-08
- 网络出版日期: 2021-10-21
- 刊出日期: 2021-11-23

Research on ceramic fragmentation behavior of lightweight ceramic/metal composite armor during vertical penetration

1.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University Of Science And Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China

摘要

摘要: 为探讨轻型陶瓷复合装甲抗侵彻过程中陶瓷的碎裂行为，采用12.7 mm穿燃弹对不同背板厚度及陶瓷厚度下陶瓷/金属复合装甲进行弹道冲击试验。通过观测回收的靶体陶瓷宏观破坏特征，分析不同厚度组合与陶瓷主要破坏特征之间的关系；并通过对陶瓷碎块的多级筛分称重，分析不同厚度组合下陶瓷面板的碎块尺度分布规律。结果表明，陶瓷锥是陶瓷面板的主要破坏形态，其宏观裂纹主要有：径向裂纹、环向裂纹和锥形裂纹。陶瓷锥内可细分为由高压缩应力引起的粉末状较小陶瓷碎块组成的陶瓷粉碎锥和由应力波造成的较大片状陶瓷碎块组成的陶瓷破碎锥。冲击后陶瓷锥内陶瓷碎片尺度分布满足Rosin-Rammler分布模型，当背板厚度增大时，陶瓷半锥角增大，导致陶瓷锥整体体积增大，破碎区占比亦增大，产生的陶瓷碎块以大粒径碎块为主，陶瓷锥内整体破碎尺度增大。当陶瓷厚度增大时，陶瓷锥半锥角及径向裂纹数量基本不变，陶瓷锥内粉碎区占比增大，整体破碎尺度减小。
- 轻型陶瓷复合装甲 /
- 碎块尺度 /
- 陶瓷锥 /
- 12.7 mm穿燃弹 /
- SiC陶瓷
Abstract: In order to investigate the ceramic fragmentation behavior of light ceramic composite armors in the process of anti-penetration, ballistic impact tests of ceramic/metal composite armors with different back cover and ceramic thicknesses using a penetrating projectile of 12.7 mm in diameter was carried out. The target was installed in a recycling bin, and the recovery rate of ceramic fragments was above 95%. By observing the macroscopic failure characteristics of the recovered target ceramics, the relationship between different thickness combinations of the ceramics and the main failure characteristics was analyzed. And through the multi-stage screening and weighing of the ceramic fragments, the size distribution law of the ceramic fragments with different thickness combinations was analyzed. The results show that the fracture cone of the ceramic was the main failure characteristic of the ceramic panel, and the macroscopic cracks mainly include radial cracks, ring cracks and conical cracks. The ceramic cone can be subdivided into a crushing zone composed of small powdered ceramic fragments caused by high compressive stress and a broken zone composed of large ceramic fragments caused by stress waves. The size distribution of the ceramic fragments in the ceramic cone after impact satisfies the Rosin-Rammler distribution model. With the increase of the back plate thickness, the half conical angle of the ceramic cone increases, which leads to increases in the overall volume of the ceramic cone and the proportion of the broken zone. The resulting ceramic fragments are mainly large size fragments, and the overall broken size in the ceramic cone increases. When the ceramic thickness increases, the half conical angle and the number of radial cracks remain basically unchanged, the proportion of the crushing zone in the ceramic cone increases, and the overall crushing size decreases.
- ceramic lightweight composite armor /
- fragment size /
- fracture cone in ceramic /
- 12.7 mm piercing bomb /
- silicon carbide

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图 1 试验现场设置

Figure 1. Test setup

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图 2 陶瓷/金属复合靶板和回收箱

Figure 2. Schematic of ceramic/metal composite target plate structure and recovery box

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图 3 陶瓷面板破坏形貌（试验C12-B5-1）

Figure 3. Destruction morphology of a ceramic panel (test C12-B5-1)

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图 4 背板厚度对陶瓷半锥角及径向裂纹的影响

Figure 4. Effect of back plate thickness on the fracture cone angle and the numbers of radial cracks of ceramics

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图 5 陶瓷厚度对陶瓷半锥角及径向裂纹的影响

Figure 5. Effect of ceramic thickness on the fracture cone angle and the number of radial cracks of ceramic

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图 6 回收的陶瓷粉末（试验C12-B5-1）

Figure 6. Recycled ceramic debris (test C12-B5-1)

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图 7 陶瓷锥形成具体过程示意图

Figure 7. The specific process of ceramic cone formation

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图 8 不同背板厚度下陶瓷碎块粒径质量分布

Figure 8. Mass distribution of ceramic fragment sizes under different back plate thicknesses

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图 10 不同背板厚度下碎块累计质量分布

Figure 10. Accumulated mass distribution of fragments under different back plate thicknesses

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图 11 不同背板厚度下碎块平均特征尺寸和幂指数系数

Figure 11. Average characteristic size and power-exponential coefficient of fragments under different back plate thicknesses

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图 9 不同背板厚度下陶瓷碎块粒径质量分布百分比

Figure 9. Mass percentage distribution of ceramic fragment sizes under different back plate thicknesses

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图 12 不同陶瓷厚度下陶瓷碎块粒径质量分布百分比

Figure 12. Mass percentage distribution of ceramic fragment size under different ceramic thicknesses

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图 13 不同陶瓷厚度下碎块累计质量分布

Figure 13. Accumulated mass distribution of fragments under different ceramic thicknesses

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图 14 不同陶瓷厚度下碎块平均特征尺寸和幂指数系数

Figure 14. Average characteristic size and power-exponential coefficient of fragments under different ceramic thicknesses

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表 1 弹体和背板材料力学性能

Table 1. Mechanical properties of the projectile and backplane materials

材料	弹性模量/GPa	密度/（kg·m⁻³）	泊松比	屈服强度/MPa
T12A钢	197.57	7830	0.295	3 544
2024铝合金	72.80	2704	0.300	224

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表 2 SiC陶瓷材料性能

Table 2. Properties of the SiC ceramic

密度/（kg·m⁻³）	弹性模量/GPa	剪切模量/GPa	泊松比	努氏硬度	断裂韧性/（MPa·m^1/2）
3196	420	179.5	0.17	2500	5.3

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表 3 试验靶板结构及主要试验结果

Table 3. Target structure and main test results

试验编号	靶板厚度/mm		初始弹体		毁伤状况
试验编号	SiC陶瓷面板	2024铝合金背板	质量/g	着靶速度/（m·s⁻¹）	毁伤状况
C12-B4-1	12	4	48.41	492.8±2	完全穿透
C12-B5-1	12	5	48.32	505.3±2	完全穿透
C12-B6-1	12	6	48.28	495.6±2	完全穿透
C12-B8-1	12	8	48.22	486.9±2	未穿透
C8-B5-1	8	5	48.28	459.6±2	完全穿透
C10-B5-1	10	5	48.37	466.5±2	完全穿透
C12-B5-2	12	5	48.26	479.2±2	完全穿透
C15-B5-1	15	5	48.35	480.2±2	未穿透

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表 4 影响陶瓷半锥角及径向裂纹的各因素数理统计结果

Table 4. Mathematical statistics of the factors affecting the fracture cone angle of ceramics and radial cracks

影响因素	试验编号	锥顶部直径D₁/mm	锥底部直径D₂/mm	半锥角/(°)			径向裂纹数
影响因素	试验编号	锥顶部直径D₁/mm	锥底部直径D₂/mm	样本数量	样本均值$ \stackrel{-}{\theta } $	测量不确定度$\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}\{\|\bar{\theta }-\theta \|\}$	径向裂纹数
背板厚度	C12-B4-1	33.6±0.2	98.5±0.2	10	69.71	2.13	13
	C12-B5-1	32.1±0.2	104.2±0.2	12	71.57	1.56	10
	C12-B6-1	33.7±0.2	113.6±0.2	14	73.28	1.29	9
	C12-B8-1	32.3±0.2	115.8±0.2	19	73.87	3.08
陶瓷厚度	C8-B5-1	31.3±0.2	82.2±0.2	11	72.57	2.34	10
	C10-B5-1	31.8±0.2	93.6±0.2	13	72.08	1.83	11
	C12-B5-2	32.0±0.2	104.3±0.2	12	71.57	2.38	10
	C15-B5-1	31.5±0.2	126.2±0.2	11	72.43	1.57	10
注：试验C12-B8-1由于弹丸未穿透陶瓷复合装甲，导致陶瓷严重破碎，难以统计径向裂纹。

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