含能微球敏化乳化炸药水下爆炸能量输出特性研究

李雪交; 吴勇; 王琦; 高玉刚; 汪泉; 王奕鑫; 马宏昊

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2021-0188

含能微球敏化乳化炸药水下爆炸能量输出特性研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0188

李雪交^{1, 2,},
吴勇^1, ,,
王琦²,
高玉刚³,
汪泉¹,
王奕鑫⁴,
马宏昊⁴

1.
安徽理工大学化学工程学院，安徽淮南 232001
2.
安徽理工大学能源与安全学院，安徽淮南 232001
3.
中煤科工集团淮北爆破技术研究院有限公司，安徽淮北235000
4.
中国科学技术大学工程科学学院，安徽合肥 230027

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11872002）；安徽省自然科学基金（1808085QA06）；安徽省博士后基金（2019B355）

详细信息

作者简介:
李雪交（1986－　），男，博士，副教授，xjli@aust.edu.cn

通讯作者:
吴　勇（1996－　），男，硕士研究生，aust_xyeb@163.com

中图分类号: O389
计量
- 文章访问数: 339
- HTML全文浏览量: 230
- PDF下载量: 63
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-13
- 修回日期: 2021-09-22
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-17
- 刊出日期: 2022-04-07

Study on energy output characteristics of underwater explosion of energetic microballoon sensitized emulsion explosive

LI Xuejiao^{1, 2
,},
WU Yong^{1
, ,},
WANG Qi²,
GAO Yugang³,
WANG Quan¹,
WANG Yixin⁴,
MA Honghao⁴

1.
School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
2.
School of Mining and Safety Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
3.
Huaibei Blasting Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., CCTEG, Huaibei 235000, Anhui, China
4.
Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China

摘要

摘要: 将内部含有烷烃的含能微球引入乳化基质，得到一种新型乳化炸药。采用水下爆炸实验探究微球质量分数对乳化炸药水下爆炸性能的影响，得到含能微球质量分数为0.2%～7%的乳化炸药水下爆炸冲击波压力-时程曲线。依据压力结果，通过公式计算和分析得到炸药的水下冲击波峰值压力、比气泡能、比冲击波能以及比爆炸能等水下爆炸参数。实验结果表明：含能微球质量分数0.2%的乳化炸药的峰值压力最大，并且随着微球质量分数增大而下降；乳化炸药的比气泡能随着含能微球质量分数的增大先上升再下降，微球质量分数为4%的比气泡能最大；乳化炸药的爆速、比冲击波能以及比爆炸能均随着含能微球质量分数的增大而下降。
- 含能微球 /
- 质量分数 /
- 乳化炸药 /
- 敏化 /
- 水下爆炸 /
- 爆炸性能
Abstract: A new emulsion explosive was obtained by introducing energetic microballoons containing alkane into emulsion matrix. Energetic microballoons were foamed in a constant temperature environment of 90 ℃ for 5 min to reach the maximum volume, and then energetic microballoons were mixed with emulsion matrix to prepare emulsion explosive with the energetic microballoon contents from 0.2% to 7%. The detonation velocity of emulsion explosives with different microballoons was measured by detonation velocity meter. In a steel explosion vessel with a diameter of 5 m and a depth of 5 m, the explosives were placed at a depth of 3 m, which were 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 and 1.4 m away from sensor. The underwater explosion pressure-time curve of emulsion explosive with microballoon contents from 0.2% to 7% was obtained through underwater explosion experiment. The parameters of underwater explosion, such as shock wave peak pressure, specific shock wave energy, specific bubble energy and specific explosion energy, were obtained by analysis and calculation, which was used to explore the influence of energetic microballoon contents on the underwater explosion property of explosive. The results show that the peak pressure of emulsion explosive with microballoon content of 0.2% is the largest and decreases with the increase of microballoon contents at the same testing distance. The specific bubble energy of emulsion explosive increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of the microballoon contents, and the specific bubble energy is the largest when the microballoon content is 4%. The specific shock wave energy and specific explosion energy decrease as microballoon contents increase. The attenuation rate of underwater shock wave peak pressure is negatively correlated with propagation distance. However, the specific shock wave energy, special bubble energy and special explosion energy do not change with the increase of propagation distance.
- energetic microballoons /
- mass fraction /
- emulsion explosive /
- sensitization /
- underwater explosion /
- explosion property

HTML全文

图 1 含能微球SEM图

Figure 1. SEM images of energitic microballoons

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 不同微球质量分数的乳化炸药微观形貌

Figure 2. Microscopic morphology of emulsion explosive with different mass fraction of microballoon

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 水下爆炸系统示意

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the underwater explosion system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 水下爆炸压力时程曲线

Figure 4. Underwater explosion pressure-time curves

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 不同微球质量分数下乳化炸药爆速

Figure 5. Detonation velocity of emulsion explosive with different mass fraction of microballoon

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 不同微球质量分数乳化炸药峰值压力（p_m）与距离（R）的关系

Figure 6. Changes of maximum pressure (p_m) with distance (R) at different microballoon mass fractions in emulsion explosives

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 不同微球质量分数的乳化炸药的比冲击波能（E_s）与距离（R）的关系

Figure 7. Specific shock wave energy (E_s) vary to distance (R) at different microballoon mass fractions of emulsion explosive

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 不同测距下的比气泡能E_b与微球质量分数的关系

Figure 8. Relation of specific bubble energy (E_b) and mass fraction of microballoon at different measuring distances

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 不同测距下比爆炸能E_t与微球质量分数关系图

Figure 9. Relation of specific explosion energy (E_t) and mass fraction of microballoon at different measuring distances

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 距离炸药中心0.8和1.0 m处的压力时程曲线

Figure 10. Pressure-time curves at 0.8 and 1.0 m from charge center

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 乳化基质各组分的质量分数

Table 1. Mass fraction of compositions in emulsion matrix

NH₄NO₃	NaNO₃	H₂O	C₁₈H₃₈	C₂₄H₄₄O₆
71%	11.5%	11%	3.7%	2.8%

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同含能微球质量分数的乳化炸药配比

Table 2. Ratio of emulsion explosive with different energitic microballoon mass fractions

编号	微球质量分数/%		密度/（g·cm⁻³）
编号	乳化基质	含能微球	密度/（g·cm⁻³）
1	100	0	1.26
2	99.95	0.05	1.26
3	99.9	0.1	1.26
4	99.8	0.2	1.25
5	99.5	0.5	1.18
6	99	1	1.08
7	97	3	0.92
8	96	4	0.88
9	95	5	0.81
10	93	7	0.60
11	92	8	0.54
12	91	9	0.49

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 不同微球质量分数下乳化炸药爆速

Table 3. Detonation velocity of emulsion explosives with different mass fraction of microballoon

质量分数/%	爆速/(m·s⁻¹)	质量分数/%	爆速/(m·s⁻¹)
0	−	3	3903
0.05	−	4	3537
0.1	−	5	3312
0.2	5150	7	3058
0.5	4911	8	2948
1	4807	9	−
注：“−”代表拒爆

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 不同微球质量分数的乳化炸药压力峰值拟合系数

Table 4. Fit coefficient of pressure peak value of emulsion explosives with different mass fraction of microballoon

质量分数/%	α	k
0.2	0.57276	21.46552
1	0.55114	19.27505
3	0.56847	18.21896
4	0.62795	17.36348
5	0.64058	18.64361
7	0.61182	18.44948

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 乳化炸药水下爆炸能量输出参数

Table 5. Parameters of underwater explosion energy of emulsion explosives

质量分数/%	R/m	p_m/MPa	E_s/(MJ·kg⁻¹)	t_b/ms	E_b/(MJ·kg⁻¹)	μ	E_t/(MJ·kg⁻¹)
0.2	0.8	12.4181	0.8525	73.5838	1.6542	1.725	3.1248
	1.0	11.0536	0.8507	73.5731	1.6533	1.725	3.1208
	1.2	9.9420	0.8549	73.3945	1.6417	1.725	3.1164
	1.4	8.9700	0.8458	73.5891	1.6543	1.725	3.1133
1	0.8	11.3915	0.8009	74.0442	1.6847	1.606	2.9709
	1.0	10.1839	0.8036	74.0207	1.6829	1.606	2.9735
	1.2	9.1365	0.7989	74.0069	1.6822	1.606	2.9652
	1.4	8.3646	0.7943	74.0731	1.6864	1.606	2.9620
3	0.8	10.5915	0.7196	74.9639	1.7468	1.392	2.7485
	1.0	9.4157	0.7233	75.0252	1.7508	1.392	2.7576
	1.2	8.4793	0.7149	74.8831	1.7413	1.392	2.7364
	1.4	7.6756	0.7158	75.0562	1.7528	1.392	2.7492
4	0.8	10.3247	0.6918	76.1943	1.8324	1.320	2.7456
	1.0	9.0344	0.6911	76.1755	1.8312	1.320	2.7435
	1.2	8.0263	0.6841	76.1255	1.8279	1.320	2.7309
	1.4	7.3504	0.6942	76.1834	1.8317	1.320	2.7347
5	0.8	10.1623	0.6659	76.0029	1.8102	1.287	2.7006
	1.0	8.8041	0.6728	75.9683	1.8129	1.287	2.6978
	1.2	7.8125	0.6616	75.9812	1.8092	1.287	2.6907
	1.4	7.1149	0.6672	75.9458	1.7907	1.287	2.6954
7	0.8	9.6041	0.5905	75.1226	1.7552	1.174	2.4484
	1.0	8.2501	0.5951	75.1763	1.7612	1.174	2.4598
	1.2	7.4570	0.5993	75.1443	1.7590	1.174	2.4625
	1.4	6.7446	0.5842	75.1343	1.7584	1.174	2.4442

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(17)

[1]	汪旭光. 乳化炸药 [M]. 北京: 冶金工业出版社, 1993: 1−15.
[2]	LOUREIRO A, MENDES R, RIBEIRO J B, et al. Effect of explosive mixture on quality of explosive welds of copper to aluminium [J]. Materials & Design, 2016, 95: 256–267. DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.01.116.
[3]	BIEGAŃSKA J. Using nitrocellulose powder in emulsion explosives [J]. Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves, 2011, 47(3): 366–368. DOI: 10.1134/S0010508211030154.
[4]	张学民, 周贤舜, 王立川, 等. 大断面隧道钻爆冲击波的衰减规律 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2020, 40(2): 025101. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0045. ZHANG X M, ZHOU X S, WANG L C, et al. Attenuation of blast wave in a large-section tunnel [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2020, 40(2): 025101. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0045.
[5]	MISHRA A, ROUT M, SINGH D R, et al. Influence of density of emulsion explosives on its velocity of detonation and fragmentation of blasted muckpile [J]. Current Science, 2017, 112(3): 602–608. DOI: 10.18520/cs/v112/i03/602-608.
[6]	CHENG Y F, MENG X R, FENG C T, et al. The effect of the hydrogen containing material TiH₂ on the detonation characteristics of emulsion explosives [J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2017, 42(6): 585–591. DOI: 10.1002/prep.201700045.
[7]	钱海, 吴红波, 邢化岛, 等. 铝粉含量和粒径对乳化炸药作功能力的影响 [J]. 火炸药学报, 2017, 40(1): 40–44. DOI: 10.14077/j.issn.1007-7812.2017.01.008. QIAN H, WU H B, XING H D, et al. Effect of aluminum content and particle size on the power of emulsion explosives [J]. Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants, 2017, 40(1): 40–44. DOI: 10.14077/j.issn.1007-7812.2017.01.008.
[8]	陈海军, 马宏昊, 沈兆武, 等. 钛基纤维炸药水下爆炸性能的初步分析 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2018, 38(1): 9–18. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2017-0155. CHEN H J, MA H H, SHEN Z W, et al. Preliminary analysis of underwater detonation performance of titanium fiber explosive [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2018, 38(1): 9–18. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2017-0155.
[9]	程扬帆, 汪泉, 龚悦, 等. 敏化方式对MgH₂型储氢乳化炸药爆轰性能的影响 [J]. 含能材料, 2017, 25(2): 167–172. DOI: 10.11943/j.issn.1006-9941.2017.02.013. CHENG Y F, WANG Q, GONG Y, et al. Effect of sensitizing methods on the detonation performances of MgH₂-based hydrogen storage emulsion explosives [J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2017, 25(2): 167–172. DOI: 10.11943/j.issn.1006-9941.2017.02.013.
[10]	SIL’VESTROV V V, BORDZILOVSKII S A, KARAKHANOV S M, et al. Temperature of the detonation front of an emulsion explosive [J]. Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves, 2015, 51(1): 116–123. DOI: 10.1134/S0010508215010128.
[11]	FANG H, CHENG Y F, TAO C, et al. Effects of content and particle size of cenospheres on the detonation characteristics of emulsion explosive [J]. Journal of Energetic Materials, 2021, 39(2): 197–214. DOI: 10.1080/07370652.2020.1770896.
[12]	WANG Y X, MA H H, SHEN Z W, et al. Influence of different gases on the performance of gas-storage glass microballoons in emulsion explosives [J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2020, 45(10): 1566–1572. DOI: 10.1002/prep.202000105.
[13]	YUNOSHEV A S, PLASTININ A V, RAFEICHIK S I. Detonation velocity of an emulsion explosive sensitized with polymer microballoons [J]. Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves, 2017, 53(6): 738–743. DOI: 10.1134/S0010508217060168.
[14]	BARNES R A, HETHERINGTON J G, SMITH P D. The design and instrumentation of a simple system for demonstrating underwater explosive effects [J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 1988, 13(1): 13–16. DOI: 10.1002/prep.19880130104.
[15]	COLE R H. Underwater explosions [M]. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1948: 110−113.
[16]	BJARNHOLT G. Suggestions on standards for measurement and data evaluation in the underwater explosion test [J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 1980, 5(2−3): 67–74. DOI: 10.1002/prep.19800050213.
[17]	薛冰. RDX基金属氢化物混合炸药爆炸及安全性能研究 [D]. 合肥: 中国科学技术大学, 2017: 72−73. XUE B. Explosion and safety performance of RDX-based metal hydride composite explosives [D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2017: 72−73.