KH2PO4/SiO2复合粉体抑制铝粉爆燃效果及机理分析

颜轲; 孟祥豹; 潘智超; 王政; 张延松

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2021-0190

KH₂PO₄/SiO₂复合粉体抑制铝粉爆燃效果及机理分析

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0190

颜轲^1,,
孟祥豹^{1, 2, 3, ,},
潘智超¹,
王政¹,
张延松^{1, 2, 3}

1.
山东科技大学安全与环境工程学院，山东青岛 266590
2.
山东科技大学青岛市生产安全火灾重大事故智能控制工程研究中心，山东青岛 266590
3.
山东科技大学公共安全研究院，山东青岛 266590

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52074174）

详细信息

作者简介:
颜　轲（1997－　），男，硕士，yanke19970325@163.com

通讯作者:
孟祥豹（1980－　），男，博士，副教授，mxb@sdust.edu.cn

中图分类号: O381
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- 文章访问数: 328
- HTML全文浏览量: 149
- PDF下载量: 58
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-14
- 修回日期: 2021-07-20
- 网络出版日期: 2022-05-17
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-24

Effect and mechanism of KH₂PO₄/SiO₂ composite powder in inhibiting aluminum dust deflagration

YAN Ke^1
,,
MENG Xiangbao^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
PAN Zhichao¹,
WANG Zheng¹,
ZHANG Yansong^{1, 2, 3}

1.
College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, Shandong, China
2.
Qingdao Intelligent Control Engineering Center for Production Safety Fire Accident, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, Shandong, China
3.
Institute of Public Safety, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, Shandong, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究KH₂PO₄/SiO₂复合粉体抑爆剂对铝粉爆燃的抑制作用，采用球磨机将KH₂PO₄和SiO₂混合研磨制备出新型的KH₂PO₄/SiO₂复合粉体抑爆剂。在哈特曼管实验装置上，开展爆燃火焰传播抑制实验，结果表明：随着KH₂PO₄/SiO₂复合粉体抑爆剂含量的增加，爆燃火焰传播长度和速度逐渐减小，当添加质量比10∶6的KH₂PO₄/SiO₂复合粉体抑爆剂时，可实现铝粉爆燃火焰传播的抑制。在20 L球形爆炸装置上，开展复合粉体抑爆剂抑制铝粉爆炸压力测试实验，结果表明：随着KH₂PO₄/SiO₂复合粉体抑爆剂含量的增加，铝粉爆炸最大爆炸压力p_max和最大爆炸压力上升速率(dp/dt)_max逐渐减小，当添加质量比10∶9的KH₂PO₄/SiO₂复合粉体抑爆剂时，可实现铝粉爆燃的完全抑制。通过KH₂PO₄粉体、SiO₂粉体与复合粉体抑爆剂对比可知，复合粉体抑爆剂对铝粉火焰传播和爆炸压力的抑制效果都优于单体粉体抑爆剂。通过对铝粉在空气中燃烧的热分析研究，从化学和物理两个方面分析了KH₂PO₄/SiO₂复合粉体抑爆剂对铝粉爆燃的抑制机理。
- KH₂PO₄/SiO₂复合粉体 /
- 铝粉爆炸 /
- 爆燃特性 /
- 抑制机理
Abstract: To expand the application field of environmental protection materials, a composite powder explosion inhibitor was developed to suppress the explosion disaster of aluminum powder. The KH₂PO₄/SiO₂ composite powder explosion inhibitor, a new type of explosion inhibitors, was prepared by grinding KH₂PO₄ and SiO₂ using a ball mill and used to study its inhibition effect on aluminum powder deflagration. The deflagration flame propagation inhibition experiments were carried out in a Hartmann tube experimental device. The results show that the propagation length and speed of the deflagration flame gradually decrease with the increase of the KH₂PO₄/SiO₂ composite powder explosion inhibitor content. When a KH₂PO₄/SiO₂ composite powder explosion inhibitor with the mass ratio of 10∶6 is added, the deflagration flame propagation inhibition of the aluminum powder can be realized. The pressure test experiments of the composite powder explosion inhibitor to inhibit the aluminum powder explosion were carried out in a 20-L spherical explosive device. The results show that the maximum explosion pressure (p_max) and maximum explosion pressure rise rate ((dp/dt)_max) of the aluminum powder explosion gradually decrease with the content of the KH₂PO₄/SiO₂ composite powder explosion inhibitor. When a KH₂PO₄/SiO₂ composite powder explosion inhibitor with the mass ratio of 10∶9 is added, the complete inhibition of aluminum powder deflagration can be realized. By comparison with the KH₂PO₄ powder, SiO₂ powder and composite powder explosion inhibitors, the inhibition effect of the composite powder explosion inhibitor on the flame propagation and explosion pressure of the aluminum powder is better than that of monomer powder explosion inhibitors. Through the thermogravimetric analysis of aluminum powder and KH₂PO₄, the inhibition mechanism of the KH₂PO₄/SiO₂ composite powder explosion inhibitor on aluminum powder deflagration was analyzed from both chemical and physical aspects. The KH₂PO₄ attached to the surface of composite powder explosion inhibitor absorbs heat rapidly, and the volatile participates in the explosion and combustion reaction of aluminum powder, which significantly reduces the maximum volatile content (dp/dt)_max. The SiO₂ affects the heat transfer of aluminum powder explosion and combustion, resulting in incomplete combustion and p_max reduction.
- KH₂PO₄/SiO₂ composite powder /
- aluminum dust explosion /
- deflagration characteristics /
- inhibition mechanism

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图 1 哈特曼管实验装置

Figure 1. The Hartmann tube experimental device

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图 2 20 L球形爆炸实验装置

Figure 2. The 20-L spherical explosion experimental device

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图 3 铝粉颗粒的粒度分布

Figure 3. Particle size distributions of the solid aluminum powder

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图 4 铝粉的SEM和EDS图像

Figure 4. SEM and EDS images of the aluminum powder

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图 5 不同质量比KH₂PO₄/SiO₂复合粉末的SEM图像

Figure 5. SEM images of the KH₂PO₄/SiO₂ composite powders with different mass ratios

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图 6 KH₂PO₄/SiO₂复合粉体的EDS能谱

Figure 6. EDS spectra of the KH₂PO₄/SiO₂ composite powder

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图 7 升温速率为10 ℃/min时铝粉和KH₂PO₄粉末的热重分析

Figure 7. Thermogravimetric analysis of the aluminum powder and KH₂PO₄ powder at the heating rate of 10 °C/min

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图 8 铝粉爆燃的火焰传播过程

Figure 8. Propagation process of the aluminum powder deflagration flame

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图 9 纯铝粉和不同质量比复合粉体抑爆剂抑制铝粉爆燃的火焰传播过程

Figure 9. The propagation process of the aluminum powder deflagration flame with or without explosion inhibitors

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图 10 铝粉爆燃火焰传播的峰值速度和平均速度

Figure 10. Peak velocities and average velocities of aluminum powder deflagration flame propagations

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图 11 铝粉爆炸压力典型曲线

Figure 11. A typical explosion pressure curve of aluminum powder

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图 12 添加不同抑爆剂对铝粉爆炸压力曲线的影响

Figure 12. Explosion pressure curves of the aluminum powders with different explosion inhibitors

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图 13 添加不同抑爆剂对铝粉爆炸最大爆炸压力和最大升压速率压力的影响

Figure 13. Maximum explosion pressures and maximum pressure rise rates of the aluminum powders with different explosion inhibitors

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图 14 复合粉体抑爆剂抑制铝粉爆燃反应的机理

Figure 14. The mechanism of composite powder explosion inhibitor inhibiting aluminum powder deflagration reaction

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