Experimental study on detonation wave profiles in RDX-based aluminized explosives
-
摘要: 为了获得含铝炸药爆轰反应区附近铝粉的反应情况，对两种RDX/Al炸药和一种RDX/LiF炸药的爆轰波结构进行了测量。实验过程中，利用火炮加载产生一维平面波，通过光子多普勒测速仪测量炸药/LiF窗口的界面粒子速度。结果表明：含铝炸药爆轰波的结构与理想炸药的差异较大，其界面粒子速度曲线没有明显的拐点；反应初期，由于气相产物与添加物之间温度的非平衡性，RDX/Al界面的粒子速度低于RDX/LiF炸药的；随后，由于铝粉反应放能，RDX/Al界面的粒子速度高于RDX/LiF炸药的；微米尺度铝粉在CJ面前几乎不发生反应；2、10 μm等两种粒度铝粉的反应延滞时间小于0.8 μs；在本文中，两种粒度铝粉的反应度为16%~31%。Abstract: In order to evaluate the reaction of the aluminum powder in detonation products of aluminized explosives, experimental measurements of the detonation wave profiles in RDX/Al and RDX/LiF explosives using photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV) were performed. Planar detonations were produced by impacting the explosives with sapphire flyers in a gas gun. LiF windows with very thin vapor deposited aluminum mirrors were used in the experiments. The original data obtained in the experiments were processed by the window Fourier transform method, then the pressure in the detonation reaction zone was calculated using the impedance matching formula. The initial reaction times were compared between the Al powders with the Al particle sizes of 2 and 10 μm by averaging the interface particle velocities at multiple locations measured in each experiment. Simultaneously, the isentropic equation of state of LiF was used as the reference line to construct the equation of state of the aluminized explosives and to analyze the reaction degrees of the Al powders. The results show that the detonation wave profiles in the aluminized explosives are different from those in ideal explosives. And measurements show no distinct end to the reaction zone indicating a CJ point. At the beginning, the interface particle velocity in the RDX/Al explosive is lower than that in the RDX/LiF explosive due to the temperature disequilibrium between the Al particles and gas detonation products. Subsequently, the interface particle velocity in the RDX/Al explosive is higher than that in the RDX/LiF explosive due to the energy released by the reaction of aluminum. Micron-sized Al particles hardly react before the CJ front. And for the Al particles with the sizes of 2 and 10 μm, the Al reaction delay time is less than 0.8 μs. At the end of the measurements, the evaluated Al reaction degree was about 16% to 31%.
-
图 4 三种炸药的平均界面粒子速度曲线
Figure 4. Average interface particle velocity curves of three explosives
图 5 CJ点附近三种炸药的平均界面粒子速度曲线
Figure 5. Average of interface particle velocitiy curves of three explosives near the CJ point
图 8 实验和模拟的炸药RF15界面粒子速度曲线
Figure 8. Experimental and simulated interface particle velocity curves of explosive RF15
表 1 三种RDX基炸药的配方和参数
Table 1. Components and characteristics of three kinds of explosives
炸药 w/% 粒径/μm 密度/(g·cm−3) D/(m·s−1) RDX Al LiF 黏合剂 RF15 80 0 15 5 2.5 1.809 8141±40 RA15(2 μm) 80 15 0 5 2.0 1.803 8072±40 RA15(10 μm) 80 15 0 5 10.0 1.795 8070±40 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 铝和氟化锂的物理参数对比
Table 2. Comparison of the main characteristics of Al and LiF
材料 ρ0/(g·cm−3) Tm/K Tb/K cV/(J·g−1·K−1) K/(W·m−1·K−1) c0/(km·s−1) λ 铝 2.700 933 2 740 1.176 210 5.325 1.338 氟化锂 2.638 1 143 1.513 11.3 5.176 1.359
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] TRZCIŃSKI W A, CUDZIŁO S, SZYMAŃCZYK L. Studies of detonation characteristics of aluminum enriched RDX compositions [J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2007, 32(5): 392–400. DOI: 10.1002/prep.200700201. [2] GOGULYA M F, DOLGOBORODOV A Y, BRAZHNIKOV M A, et al. Detonation waves in HMX/Al mixtures (pressure and temperature measurements) [C] // Proceeding of the 11th International Detonation Symposium. Snowmass: Office of Naval Research, 1998: 979−988. [3] 裴红波, 聂建新, 覃剑峰. 基于非平衡多相模型的含铝炸药爆速研究 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2013, 33(3): 311–314. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2013)03-0311-04.PEI H B, NIE J X, QIN J F. Investigation on detonation velocity of aluminized explosives based on disequilibrium multiphase model [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2013, 33(3): 311–314. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2013)03-0311-04. [4] CAMPBELL T J, ARAL G, OGATA S, et al. Oxidation of aluminum nanoclusters [J]. Physical Review B, 2005, 71(20): 205413. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.205413. [5] BECKSTEAD M W. Correlating aluminum burning times [J]. Combustion, Explosion and Shock Waves, 2005, 41(5): 533–546. DOI: 10.1007/s10573-005-0067-2. [6] YE S, WU J H, XUE M A, et al. Spectral investigations of the combustion of pseudo-nanoaluminized micro-cyclic-[CH2N(NO2)]3 in a shock wave [J]. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2008, 41(23): 235501. DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/41/23/235501. [7] CARNEY J R, MILLER J S, GUMP J C, et al. Time-resolved optical measurements of the post-detonation combustion of aluminized explosives [J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 2006, 77(6): 063103. DOI: 10.1063/1.2200766. [8] LEWIS W K, RUMCHIK C G, BROUGHTON P B, et al. Time-resolved spectroscopic studies of aluminized explosives: chemical dynamics and apparent temperatures [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2012, 111(1): 014903. DOI: 10.1063/1.3673602. [9] 裴红波, 钟斌, 李星瀚, 等. RDX基含铝炸药圆筒试验及状态方程研究 [J]. 火炸药学报, 2019, 42(4): 403–409. DOI: 10.14077/j.issn.1007-7812.2019.04.015.PEI H B, ZHONG B, LI X H, et al. Study on the cylinder tests and equation of state in RDX based aluminized explosives [J]. Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants, 2019, 42(4): 403–409. DOI: 10.14077/j.issn.1007-7812.2019.04.015. [10] 沈飞, 王辉, 袁建飞, 等. 铝含量对RDX基含铝炸药驱动能力的影响 [J]. 火炸药学报, 2013, 36(3): 50–53. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7812.2013.03.012.SHEN F, WANG F, YUAN J F, et al. Influence of Al content on the driving ability of RDX-based aluminized explosives [J]. Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants, 2013, 36(3): 50–53. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7812.2013.03.012. [11] 陈朗, 张寿齐, 赵玉华. 不同铝粉尺寸含铝炸药加速金属能力的研究 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 1999, 19(3): 250–255.CHEN L, ZHANG S Q, ZHAO Y H. Study of the metal acceleration capacities of aluminized explosives with spherical aluminum particles of different diameter [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 1999, 19(3): 250–255. [12] 黄辉, 黄亨建, 黄勇, 等. 以RDX为基的含铝炸药中铝粉粒度和氧化剂形态对加速金属能力的影响 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2006, 26(1): 7–11. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2006)01-0007-05.HUANG H, HUANG H J, HUANG Y, et al. The influence of aluminum particle size and oxidizer morphology in RDX-based aluminized explosives on their ability to accelerate metals [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2006, 26(1): 7–11. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2006)01-0007-05. [13] 胡宏伟, 严家佳, 陈朗, 等. 铝粉含量和粒度对CL-20含铝炸药水中爆炸反应特性的影响 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2017, 37(1): 157–161. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2017)01-0157-05.HU H W, YAN J J, CHEN L, et al. Effect of aluminum powder content and its particle size on reaction characteristics for underwater explosion of CL-20-based explosives containing aluminum [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2017, 37(1): 157–161. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2017)01-0157-05. [14] 赵继波, 李金河, 谭多望, 等. 铝氧比对水中爆炸近场冲击波的影响 [J]. 含能材料, 2009, 17(4): 420–423. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.04.011.ZHAO J B, LI J H, TAN D W, et al. Effects of ratios of aluminum to oxygen on shock wave of cylindrical charge at underwater explosive close-field [J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2009, 17(4): 420–423. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.04.011. [15] 曾亮, 焦清介, 任慧, 等. 含铝炸药二次反应起始时间实验研究 [J]. 火工品, 2011(2): 19–23. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-1480.2011.02.006.ZENG L, JIAO Q J, REN H, et al. Experimental study on the secondary reaction time of aluminized explosive [J]. Initiators & Pyrotechnics, 2011(2): 19–23. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-1480.2011.02.006. [16] TAO W C. Understanding composite explosive energetics: Ⅳ. reactive flow modeling of aluminum reaction kinetics in PETN and TNT using normalized product equation of state [C] // The Tenth Symposium (International) on Detonation. 1993. [17] MANNER V W, PEMBERTON S J, GUNDERSON J A, et al. The role of aluminum in the detonation and post-detonation expansion of selected cast HMX-based explosives [J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2012, 37(2): 198–206. DOI: 10.1002/prep.201100138. [18] CHAN S K. Reaction delay of aluminum in condensed explosives [J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2014, 39(6): 897–903. DOI: 10.1002/prep.201400093. [19] 张宝銔, 张庆明, 黄凤雷. 爆轰物理学 [M]. 北京: 兵器工业出版社, 2001: 151. [20] PEI H B, HUANG W B, ZHANG X, et al. Measuring detonation wave profiles in plastic-bonded explosives using PDV [J]. AIP Advances, 2019, 9(1): 015306. DOI: 10.1063/1.5057879. [21] PEI H B, NIE J X, JIAO Q J. Study on the detonation parameters of aluminized explosives based on a disequilibrium multiphase model [J]. Central European Journal of Energetic Materials, 2014, 11(4): 491–500. [22] 孙承纬. 应用爆轰物理 [M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2000: 304. [23] LI X H, PEI H B, ZHANG X, et al. Effect of aluminum particle size on the performance of aluminized explosives [J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2020, 45(5): 807–813. DOI: 10.1002/prep.201900308. -
图(8) / 表(2)
计量
- 文章访问数: 293
- HTML全文浏览量: 178
- PDF下载量: 84
- 被引次数: 0