Experimental study on the effects of venting area on the structural response of vessel walls to methane-air mixture deflagration
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摘要: 利用自主搭建的泄爆容器结构响应测试系统，开展了不同泄爆面积条件下甲烷-空气预混气体泄爆实验，结合振动加速度、内部超压、火焰演化和信号频率-时间分布等探究了泄爆面积对容器结构响应的影响特征及机制。研究发现：（1）容器振动加速度曲线和内部超压曲线具有相似的变化趋势，两者均存在双峰现象，且两者一一对应，但加速度峰值出现略迟；随着无量纲泄爆系数增大，第1个内部超压和加速度峰值主体为增大趋势，而第2个内部超压和加速度峰值的变化趋势为先减小后增大再减小；（2）火焰未到达泄爆口之前，上部的火焰平均速度随着无量纲泄爆系数增大而减小，无量纲泄爆系数较小时火焰较早从泄爆口喷出；（3）在当前实验条件下，当无量纲泄爆系数为25.00时，热声耦合现象最剧烈，表现为最大幅值的振动响应和最大能量的高频振荡，而随着无量纲泄爆系数进一步增大或者减小，热声耦合现象逐渐衰减。Abstract: To investigate the effects of venting areas on the structural response of the vessel walls to an explosion, a series of vented explosion experiments of a 10% methane-air mixture were carried out in a 1 m3 rectangular vessel with different venting areas. The adjustable area explosion vent was on the top of the rectangular container, and a piece of aluminum membrane bolted with a flange was used as a vent cover. The vibration acceleration rates and internal overpressures were recorded by an acceleration sensor and a pressure sensor, respectively, the flame propagation images were captured by a high-speed camera during deflagration and the frequency-time distributions of signals were obtained by using the short-time fast Fourier transform. The following conclusions could be obtained by analyzing acceleration rates, internal overpressures, flame propagation images and frequency-time distributions of signals. (1) The change trends of vibration acceleration and internal overpressure are similar, and both have obvious double peaks, but the vibration acceleration peak appears slightly later than the overpressure. As the dimensionless coefficient increases, the first peak of internal overpressure and vibration acceleration increases, and the second peak first decreases, then increases, and finally decreases. (2) Two types of structural response with different amplitudes and frequency distributions were observed. The low-amplitude vibrations are triggered by the combined effects of flame initial propagation, Helmholtz-type oscillations, and Taylor instability, while the high-amplitude vibrations are triggered by the coupling of sound waves and flames. (3) Before the flames are ejected from the vent, the average velocities of the upper flames decrease with the increase of the dimensionless coefficient and the flames are ejected from the vent earlier when the dimensionless coefficient is smaller. (4) Under the current experimental conditions, the thermoacoustic coupling phenomenon is the most violent when the dimensionless coefficient is 25.00, as characterized by the maximum amplitude vibration response and maximum energy high-frequency oscillation. As the dimensionless coefficient further increases or decreases, the thermoacoustic coupling phenomenon gradually attenuates.
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Key words:
- methane explosion /
- venting vessel /
- venting area /
- inner overpressure /
- vibration response
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图 1 爆炸实验舱及其示意图（AS：加速度传感器；PS：压力传感器）
Figure 1. Real and schematic images of the explosion experimental vessel (AS: acceleration sensor; PS: pressure sensor)
图 2 容器振动加速度及内部超压时程曲线（KV=6.25）
Figure 2. Time history curves of vessel vibration and internal overpressure (KV = 6.25)
表 1 实验工况
Table 1. Experimental condition
实验 泄爆口尺寸/m 泄爆面积/m2 KV 1 0.5×0.4 0.20 5.00 2 0.4×0.4 0.16 6.25 3 0.3×0.4 0.12 8.33 4 0.2×0.4 0.08 12.50 5 0.135×0.4 0.054 18.52 6 0.1×0.4 0.04 25.00 7 0.075×0.4 0.03 33.33 
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