混凝土冲击破坏动态力学及能量特性分析

党发宁; 李玉涛; 任劼; 周玫

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2021-0444

混凝土冲击破坏动态力学及能量特性分析

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0444

西安理工大学岩土工程研究所，陕西西安 710048

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51979225，51679199）

详细信息

作者简介:
党发宁（1962－　），男，博士，教授，dangfn@mail.xaut.edu.cn

通讯作者:
李玉涛（1992－　），男，博士研究生，1200710003@stu.xaut.edu.cn

中图分类号: O383; TU502
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- 文章访问数: 296
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-28
- 修回日期: 2022-01-25
- 网络出版日期: 2022-08-10
- 刊出日期: 2022-09-09

Analysis of dynamic mechanics and energy characteristics of concrete impact failure

Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, Shaanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 动强度和能量耗散规律是研究混凝土动力特性的主要内容。为探究混凝土在冲击荷载作用下的动态力学、变形以及能量演化特征，利用直径为100 mm的霍普金森杆装置对骨料率为0、32%、37%和42%的混凝土试样，分别进行了冲击速度为5、6、7 m/s的冲击压缩试验。探讨了冲击速度和骨料率对试样变形、动强度以及分形维数的影响，建立了动强度关于冲击速度和骨料率的表达式，并对试样吸收能和裂纹表面能之间的关系进行了对比分析。结果表明：混凝土试样破坏时出现了变形滞后现象，破坏形式主要以劈裂拉伸破坏为主；动强度随冲击速度、骨料率的增大而增大，用所建动强度公式可以较好地预估混凝土动强度；混凝土破坏碎块分形维数、吸收能和裂纹表面能均随冲击速度的增大而增大，随骨料率的增大而减小，且吸收能始终高于裂纹表面能，当骨料率为37%时，吸收能转化率最高，约91%转化为裂纹表面能。
- 混凝土 /
- 动强度 /
- 骨料率 /
- 冲击速度 /
- 裂纹表面能
Abstract: To investigate the mechanics, deformation, and energy evolution characteristics of concrete under dynamic loading, impact compression tests at impact velocities of 5, 6, and 7 m/s, and splitting tensile tests at 4 m/s were carried out on concrete specimens with aggregate volume rates of 0, 32%, 37%, and 42% using a 100 mm diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) device. The failure process of concrete specimens was acquired by a high-speed camera, and the damaged concrete fragments were collected and sorted. Furthermore, the fractal dimension of fragments was calculated by dividing the fragments into different grades. The stress and strain of the concrete specimen were obtained through the corresponding calculation formulas. The relationships between specimen deformation, dynamic strength, and fractal dimension with impact velocity and aggregate rate were studied, and the expression for dynamic strength with respect to impact velocity and aggregate rate was developed. In addition, the fractal dimension was used to characterize the surface roughness of the concrete fragments, and the function expression between crack surface energy and fractal dimension was established. The relationship between sample absorption energy and crack surface energy was analyzed and compared. The results show that deformation hysteresis occurs when concrete specimens are destroyed and the failure is mainly in the form of splitting tensile damage. The dynamic strength increases with the increase of impact velocity and aggregate ratio, the dynamic strength of concrete can be better predicted by using the proposed dynamic strength formula. The fractal dimension of concrete breaking fragments, absorbed energy and crack surface energy all increase with the increase of impact velocity and decrease with the increase of aggregate rate, and the absorbed energy is always higher than the crack surface energy. The highest conversion rate of absorbed energy is achieved when the aggregate rate is 37%, with approximately 91% converts to crack surface energy.
- concrete /
- dynamic strength /
- aggregate rate /
- impact velocity /
- crack surface energy

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图 1 SHPB试验装置

Figure 1. SHPB test device

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图 2 SHPB试验原始波形图

Figure 2. Primitive waveform in SHPB test

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图 3 冲击速度不变时不同骨料率混凝土试样开裂状态

Figure 3. Cracking states of concrete specimens with different aggregate ratios at a certain impact velocity

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图 4 骨料率不变时不同冲击速度下混凝土试样开裂状态

Figure 4. Cracking states of concrete specimens with a fixed aggregate ratio at different impact velocities

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图 5 冲击速度为6 m/s时混凝土应力-应变时程曲线

Figure 5. Stress and strain history curves for concrete at an impact velocity of 6 m/s

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图 6 骨料率为32%时混凝土应力、应变时程曲线

Figure 6. Stress- and strain- time curves for concrete at the aggregate ratio of 32%

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图 7 混凝土应力-应变曲线

Figure 7. Stress-strain curves of concrete

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图 8 混凝土动强度与冲击速度拟合关系

Figure 8. Fitting relationships between concrete dynamic strength and impact velocity

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图 9 骨料率与材料参数的拟合关系

Figure 9. Fitting relationships between aggregate rates and material parameters

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图 10 混凝土动强度与冲击速度关系

Figure 10. Relationship between concrete dynamic strength and impact velocity

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图 11 分形维数双对数曲线

Figure 11. Double logarithmic curves of fractal dimension

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图 12 冲击速度、骨料率与分形维数关系

Figure 12. Relationships between impact velocity, aggregate ratio and fractal dimension

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图 13 不同冲击速度以及分形维数下的混凝土破坏形态

Figure 13. Concrete failure morphology at different impact speeds and fractal dimensions

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图 14 试样吸收能、裂纹表面能与骨料率关系

Figure 14. Relationships of absorbed energy and crack surface energy of the specimens with aggregate ratio

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图 15 试样吸收能、裂纹表面能与冲击速度关系

Figure 15. Relationships of absorbed energy and crack surface energy of the specimens with impact velocity

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图 16 冲击速度与α关系

Figure 16. Relationship between impact velocity and α

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表 1 混凝土配合比

Table 1. Concrete mix proportions

骨料率/ %	水泥/ （kg·m⁻³）	水/ （kg·m⁻³）	砂/ （kg·m⁻³）	碎石/ （kg·m⁻³）	减水剂/ （kg·m⁻³）
0	321	135	1944	0	3.2
32	321	135	1073	870	3.2
37	321	135	937	1006	3.2
42	321	135	801	1142	3.2

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表 2 动强度与冲击速度拟合关系

Table 2. Fitting relationship between dynamic strength and impact velocity

骨料/%	拟合关系	R²
0	$\sigma =84.36\;\text{ln}(v-3.38）$	0.967
32	$\sigma =73.57\;\text{ln}(v-2.77）$	0.960
37	$\sigma =71.19\;\text{ln}(v-2.31）$	0.989
42	$\sigma =68.34\;\text{ln}(v-1.66）$	0.980

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表 3 单位表面能计算结果

Table 3. Calculation results of specific surface energy

试样编号	冲击速度/ （m·s⁻¹）	碎块新增面积/cm²	吸收能量/J	单位表面能/ （J·cm⁻²）
T-0-1	4	3019.11	41.78	0.014
T-0-2	4	2805.35	48.07	0.017
T-32%-1	4	1647.82	38.05	0.023
T-32%-2	4	1706.49	47.33	0.028
T-37%-1	4	1101.38	36.09	0.033
T-37%-2	4	1350.77	42.80	0.032
T-42%-1	4	872.50	36.17	0.041
T-42%-2	4	792.77	33.17	0.043

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