一种水下爆炸冲击波压力调控方法

黄超; 张磐; 曾繁; 徐维铮; 王杰; 刘娜

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2021-0450

一种水下爆炸冲击波压力调控方法

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0450

黄超^{1, 2,},
张磐^{1, 2},
曾繁^{1, 2},
徐维铮³,
王杰^{1, 2},
刘娜^{1, 2}

1.
中国工程物理研究院高性能数值模拟软件中心，北京 100088
2.
北京应用物理与计算数学研究所，北京 100088
3.
中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所，四川绵阳 621999

基金项目: 中国工程物理研究院创新发展基金（PY20200150）

详细信息

作者简介:
黄　超（1984－　），男，博士，副研究员, huangchao21cn@126.com

中图分类号: O382.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-29
- 修回日期: 2022-04-23
- 网络出版日期: 2022-05-12
- 刊出日期: 2022-09-09

A method for adjusting and controlling underwater explosion shock wave

HUANG Chao^{1, 2
,},
ZHANG Pan^{1, 2},
ZENG Fan^{1, 2},
XU Weizheng³,
WANG Jie^{1, 2},
LIU Na^{1, 2}

1.
Software Center for High Performance Numerical Simulation, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100088, China
2.
Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
3.
Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 起爆位置和装药形状对水下爆炸冲击波压力有较为显著的影响，这使得利用小当量装药在局部方向形成与大当量装药一定程度等效的冲击波成为可能。为了能够在小当量装药条件下开展舰船结构及设备抗水下爆炸冲击实验，基于细长装药结构和参数优化设计，设计了一种冲击波压力幅值和持续时间可调的装药方法。首先，基于简单波理论给出了水下爆炸冲击波压力调控的原理，以及装药参数优化设计的目标函数和约束条件；然后，采用自主数值模拟软件研究了细长装药的水下爆炸能量输出规律，通过实验验证了数值模拟的置信度，研究发现起爆位置和装药形状对水下爆炸冲击波压力峰值和持续时间的影响是显著的，在炸药爆速一定的情况下，长药柱水下爆炸冲击波压力的持续时间可通过几何近似确定；最后，为了进一步考察该方法的有效性，以1000 kg TNT和100 m爆距的水下爆炸冲击波压力-时间曲线作为原型，设计了2种与该原型冲击波压力等效的装药方案，并通过数值模拟进行了验证。研究结果表明：设计的装药能够在预定的持续时间内，在装药起爆端一侧形成与原型等效的冲击波压力-时间曲线。由于没有考虑对气泡载荷的等效，因此该调控方法仅适用于中远场爆炸冲击问题。
- 水下爆炸 /
- 实验方法 /
- 冲击波 /
- 浮动冲击平台
Abstract: The detonation position and the shape of the explosive have a significant influence on the pressure of the underwater explosion shock wave, which makes it possible to use a small charge to form a shock wave that is equivalent to a large charge in a local direction. A charge design method to adjust the amplitude and duration of shock wave pressure was established based on the slender charge structure and parameter optimization design to carry out an underwater explosion shock resistance test of ship structure or equipment using a small charge. Firstly, based on the simple wave theory, the principle of shock wave pressure control and the objective function and constraint conditions of optimal design of charge parameters are given. Then, an independently developed software is used to study the energy of underwater explosion of slender charge, and the confidence degree of numerical simulation is verified through experiments. It is found that the influence of initiation position and charge shape on the pressure peak and duration of the underwater explosion shock wave is significant. The duration of shock wave pressure of slender charge column underwater explosion can be determined by geometric approximation. Finally, to further investigate the effectiveness of the proposed method, two charge schemes equivalent to the shock wave pressure of the prototype were designed and verified by numerical simulation. The prototype is taken from the pressure-time curve of the underwater explosion shock wave with TNT equivalent to 1000 kg and a stand-off of 100 m. The comparison results show that the designed charge can form a shock wave pressure-time curve equivalent to that of the prototype on the side of the initiation end within a predetermined duration. Since the bubble pulse is not considered, the established method applies only to the middle and far-field explosion shock problem.
- underwater explosion /
- experimental method /
- shock wave /
- floating shock platform

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图 1 不同相似准则下冲击波压力对比

Figure 1. Comparison of shock wave pressure curves under different similarity criteria

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图 2 细长装药水下爆炸冲击波的形成过程示意图

Figure 2. Formation of shock waves of slender charge underwater explosion

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图 3 装药设计方案

Figure 3. Design scheme of charge

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图 4 实验布置及测试系统

Figure 4. Experimental arrangement and measurement system

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图 5 冲击波压力-时间曲线的重复性实验结果对比

Figure 5. Comparison of repetitive experimental results of pressure-time curves

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图 6 冲击波压力-时间曲线的实验与模拟结果对比

Figure 6. Experimental and numerical pressure-time curves

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图 7 水下爆炸冲击波的压力传播过程

Figure 7. Propagation of underwater explosion shock wave

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图 8 方案1和方案2冲击波压力设计结果与原型对比

Figure 8. Comparison of shock wave pressure between the design and prototype curves

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图 9 方案1和方案2的冲击波压力数值模拟结果与原型对比

Figure 9. Comparison of shock wave pressure between the results of numerical simulation and prototype

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表 1 冲击波关键特征量定量对比

Table 1. Quantitative comparison of shock wave parameters

测点	t_a/ms		误差/%	p_m/MPa		误差/%	t_s/ms		误差/%	I/(Pa·s)		误差/%
测点	模拟	实验	误差/%	模拟	实验	误差/%	模拟	实验	误差/%	模拟	实验	误差/%
P1	1.88	1.99	5.50	1.66	5.63	23.4	1.66	1.65	0.60	4473	4890	8.5
P2	3.48	3.52	1.10	1.18	3.82	3.7	1.18	1.20	1.70	3321	3714	10.6
P3	2.44	2.61	6.50	0.32	22.10	24.4	0.32	0.33	3.00	5230	5367	2.6
P4	3.63	3.76	3.50	0.58	9.33	10.4	0.58	0.60	3.30	3687	3210	14.9
P5	3.75	3.87	3.10	0.97	7.42	6.6	0.97	1.07	9.30	3740	3773	0.9
平均值			3.90			13.7			3.60			7.5

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表 2 冲击波持续时间对比

Table 2. Comparison of shock wave duration

测点	方位/(°)	t_s/ms
测点	方位/(°)	模拟	实验	式(11)
P1	180	1.66	1.65	1.62
P3	90	0.32	0.33	0.29
P5	0	0.97	1.07	1.04

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表 3 水下爆炸冲击波压力调控方案

Table 3. Control design schemes of underwater explosion shock wave pressure

调控方案	材料	ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	t_e/ms	l/mm	d₁/mm	d₂/mm	W/kg	R/m
1	TNT	1580	1.53 (t_s)	1900	60	30	5.0	6.5
2	TNT	1580	3.06 (2t_s)	3800	50	25	6.9	7.0

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