Transmission and reflection characteristics of gaseous detonation waves impacting on gas-solid interface
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摘要: 为了研究气相爆轰波冲击气固界面过程中透射波和反射波的相关特性，建立爆轰波冲击气固界面的一维理论模型，对不同初始压力条件下爆轰波到达气固界面后的界面两侧的压力和界面速度变化进行分析。利用时空守恒元求解元方法对气相爆轰波冲击气固界面过程进行数值模拟，分析气体部分反射波的压力分布和速度变化规律及透射入固体中应力波的波形和波速特征，并搭建气相爆轰波冲击活塞实验装置进行进一步验证。结果表明：气体爆轰波到达气固界面后，在固体中透射指数形式的弹性波，并在界面处向气体区反射一道激波。爆轰波后的稀疏波与反射激波相交，削弱反射激波，最终形成稳定激波回传。气固界面在稀疏波和反射稀疏波的作用下，压力和速度逐渐下降，最终也形成稳定状态。在不同混气初始压力情况下，爆轰波冲击过程中产生的最高压力和爆压的比值基本保持不变。理论模型对特征点相关物理量的计算值和实验数据符合的较好。Abstract: The correlation characteristics of transmitted and reflected waves in the process of impact of the gas-solid interface by the gaseous detonation wave are of great engineering significance. A one-dimensional theoretical model was established to analyze the process of the detonation wave impacting the gas-solid interface. The changes in the pressure and interface velocity on both sides of the interface with different initial pressures after the detonation wave reaching the gas-solid interface were analyzed. The process of the gas-solid interface impacted by the gas-phase detonation wave was numerically simulated. The space-time conservation element and solution element (CE/SE) method and the elementary reaction mechanism were used to simulate the gaseous detonation, and the immersed boundary method (IBM) was used to simulate the fluid-structure interaction. The pressure distribution, rules of velocity change of partial reflection wave of gas, and the waveform and velocity characteristics of stress wave transmitted into solid were analyzed. An experimental device of the impact of the piston by gaseous detonation was built and used for further verification. The results show that after the gaseous detonation wave reaches the gas-solid interface, the elastic wave in the exponential form is transmitted in the solid, and a shock wave is reflected in the gas zone at the interface. The rarefaction wave after the detonation wave intersects with the reflected shock wave, which weakens the reflected shock wave. In this process, the pressure after the reflected shock wave decreases, and the wave velocity becomes faster. The pressure in the intersection area of the original and reflected rarefaction waves remains uniform. Finally, the reflected shock wave becomes stable, and the gas-solid interface forms a constant state. Under different initial pressures of the same mixture, the ratio of maximum pressure to detonation pressure in the process of the impact of the detonation wave remains stable. The theoretical model is consistent with the calculated values and experimental data of related physical quantities at the feature points.
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Key words:
- detonation wave /
- gas-solid interface /
- reflected shock wave /
- stress wave
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图 1 气体激波冲击气固界面一维模型
Figure 1. A one-dimensional model of gas shock wave impacting solid
图 2 爆轰波冲击界面的x-t图和p-U图
Figure 2. The x-t diagram and p-U diagram of detonation wave impact the interface
图 5 不同时刻气体段的压力分布和固体段的应力分布
Figure 5. Pressure distribution in gas section and stress distribution in solid section at different times
图 6 气体反射激波和固体弹性波波速曲线
Figure 6. Velocity of the reflected shock wave in gas and stress wave in solid
图 8 管内气体压力和活塞冲击力曲线
Figure 8. Variation of gas pressure in the pipe and impact force on the piston
图 9 混合气爆轰波冲击界面相关参数随初始压力的变化
Figure 9. Variation of detonation wave shock interface parameters with initial pressure
表 1 网格收敛性模拟结果
Table 1. Simulation results of mesh convergence
网格尺寸/mm 波后压力/MPa 波速/(m·s−1) 0.1 2.13 2800 0.04 2.45 2800 0.02 2.61 2840 0.01 2.77 2833 0.004 2.82 2835 
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表 2 特征状态压力的理论、数值和实验结果
Table 2. Theoretical, numerical and experimental results of characteristic state pressure
p1/MPa 理论 数值模拟 误差 理论 实验 误差 4.6467 5.4245 16.74% 4.6467 4.73 1.79% p4/MPa 理论 数值模拟 误差 理论 实验 误差 0.6991 0.7012 0.30% 0.6991 0.71 1.56%
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