构型弹体跌落冲击载荷及结构响应特性

张斌; 李继承; 陈建良; 杨璞; 何丽灵; 陈刚

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2022-0098

构型弹体跌落冲击载荷及结构响应特性

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2022-0098

张斌^{1, 2,},
李继承^{1, 2, ,},
陈建良^{1, 2},
杨璞^{1, 2},
何丽灵^{1, 2},
陈刚^{1, 2}

1.
中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所，四川绵阳 621999
2.
工程材料与结构冲击振动四川省重点实验室，四川绵阳 621999

基金项目: 四川省自然科学基金杰出青年基金(2023NSFSC1913)；中国工程物理研究院创新与发展基金(CX20210031)

详细信息

作者简介:
张　斌（1991－　），男，博士，助理研究员，zhb1005@mail.ustc.edu.cn

通讯作者:
李继承（1984－　），男，博士，副研究员，lijc401@caep.cn

中图分类号: O385
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- 文章访问数: 539
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-14
- 修回日期: 2022-06-01
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-06
- 刊出日期: 2023-03-05

Loading characteristics and structural response of a warhead during drop impact

ZHANG Bin^{1, 2
,},
LI Jicheng^{1, 2
, ,},
CHEN Jianliang^{1, 2},
YANG Pu^{1, 2},
HE Liling^{1, 2},
CHEN Gang^{1, 2}

1.
Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China
2.
Shock and Vibration of Engineering Materials and Structures Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 为深入认识跌落冲击条件下构型弹体内部的载荷传递规律及结构响应特征，促进战斗部装药安定性评估和结构设计，结合数值模拟和应力波分析手段，研究了构型弹体在跌落过程中的冲击响应特征，主要关注内部药柱的变形和损伤特性，并讨论跌落姿态、装药构型和跌落高度等因素的影响。结果表明，在跌落冲击条件下，构型弹体装药的变形并非由药柱同壳体的直接撞击作用主控，而主要受到弹体内部应力波传播的影响。装药结构最大变形和损伤区域并不位于药柱外侧同壳体相接触的位置，而位于内部区域。冲击应力波在壳体和药柱之间的透射特征、在壳体和装药内部的反射和叠加特性等决定了药柱的主要变形区域及其变形程度。跌落姿态对药柱的响应特征和变形形貌具有重要影响，导致装药安定性风险从高到低排序的跌落姿态依次为尾部向下垂直跌落、水平跌落、头部向下垂直跌落和倾斜跌落。药柱构型也具有重要作用，其中药柱分段界面容易使得药柱变形程度增大，但对装药过载以及变形分布特征的影响相对较小；隔板结构则容易增大装药过载，同时导致药柱的局域变形位置和变形程度均发生改变。跌落高度对药柱变形区域分布特征的影响较小，对载荷幅值、变形程度和分布范围大小等则具有重要作用，随跌落高度增加，药柱的变形和过载逐渐增大。基于数值模拟结合应力波传播来阐释复杂构型弹体结构响应特征的研究手段，较好地搭建了基本理论与实际工程应用之间的分析桥梁。
- 构型弹体 /
- 跌落冲击 /
- 装药 /
- 载荷特征 /
- 结构响应
Abstract: To promote the explosive safety assessment and the warhead structure design, the loading characteristics and structural response of the warhead during the drop impact process were analyzed based on numerical simulation and shock wave analysis, focusing on the deformation and damage characteristics of the explosive subassembly. And the influences of various factors, including drop posture, explosive configuration, drop height, etc., were discussed in detail. In the numerical simulations, materials were characterized by the viscoplasticity constitutive model combined with the accumulative damage model, which considers the effects of strain rate and temperature. The thermodynamic equation of state was employed to calculate the pressure in materials during the deformation process. Firstly, the effect of drop posture was investigated by comparative analysis among five typical cases, i.e., tail-downward vertical drop, nose-downward vertical drop, horizontal drop, tail-downward inclined drop, and nose-downward inclined drop. Secondly, the influence of warhead configuration was analyzed based on three configurations, i.e., one explosive segment warhead, eight explosive segment warheads, and eight explosive segments combined with a separator warhead. Finally, the effect of drop height was discussed, where the height ranges from 3 m to 40 m. Related results indicate that during the drop impact process, the deformation of the explosive subassembly is dominated by the stress wave propagation rather than the interaction between the explosive subassembly and warhead shell. Correspondingly, the severest damage zone in the explosive subassembly is located in its internal region instead of the outer region, which contacts the warhead shell. The transmission of stress waves between explosive subassembly and warhead shell and the reflection and superposition of stress waves within the structures dominate the major deformation region in the explosive subassembly and the deformation degree. Furthermore, the drop posture significantly affects the response characteristics and the deformation of the explosive subassembly. The most dangerous drop posture which leads to high safety risk is, in turn, tail-downward vertical drop, horizontal drop, nose-downward vertical drop, and inclined drop. The explosive configuration also acts an important role. The explosive segment interface can easily induce an increase in the deformation degree, but it has little influence on the acceleration and distribution of the deformation region. The separator usually leads to high acceleration, and it changes the location of the deformation region as well as the deformation degree. Comparatively, the drop height has little influence on the distribution feature of the deformation zone. It mainly affects the loading amplitude, the degree of the deformation, the size of the deformation zone, etc. The influences of these factors increase with increasing drop height. The present method, which investigates the structural response of complex warheads based on numerical simulation integrated with stress wave analysis, has built an effective bridge linking the basic theory and the engineering application.
- warhead /
- drop impact /
- explosive subassembly /
- loading characteristic /
- structural response

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图 1 构型弹体及其装药结构有限元模型剖面

Figure 1. Longitudinal profiles in the finite element models of warheads containing explosive subassemblies

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图 2 在姿态1跌落条件下W1构型弹体壳体等效应力演变历程

Figure 2. Evolution of the effective stress in the shell during the configuration W1 warhead drop impact process with posture 1

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图 3 在姿态1跌落条件下W1构型弹体药柱等效应力演变历程

Figure 3. Evolution of the effective stress in the explosive subassembly during the configuration W1 warhead drop impact process with posture 1

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图 4 在姿态1跌落条件下W1构型弹体药柱等效塑性应变演变历程

Figure 4. Evolution of the effective plastic strain in the explosive subassembly during the configuration W1 warhead drop impact process with posture 1

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图 5 在姿态3跌落条件下W1构型弹体壳体等效应力演变历程

Figure 5. Evolution of the effective stress in the shell during the configuration W1 warhead drop impact process with posture 3

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图 6 W1构型弹体在姿态3跌落条件下药柱等效应力与等效塑性应变演变历程

Figure 6. Evolution of the effective stress and effective plastic strain in the explosive subassembly during configuration W1 warhead drop impact process with posture 3

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图 7 药柱考察横截面A-B路径上的等效应力分布

Figure 7. Effective stress distribution in the path on the cross section A-B of the explosive subassembly

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图 8 W1构型弹体在不同姿态跌落条件下弹体速度变化历程

Figure 8. Variations of the warhead velocity during the configuration W1 warhead drop impact process with various postures

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图 9 W1构型弹体在姿态2跌落条件下壳体和药柱等效应力以及药柱等效塑性应变演变历程

Figure 9. Evolution of the effective stress and effective plastic strain in the shell and explosive subassembly during the configuration W1 warhead drop impact process with posture 2

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图 10 W1构型弹体在姿态4跌落条件下药柱等效应力与等效塑性应变演变历程

Figure 10. Evolution of the effective stress and effective plastic strain in the explosive subassembly during the configuration W1 warhead drop impact process with posture 4

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图 11 W1构型弹体在姿态5跌落条件下药柱等效应力与等效塑性应变演变历程

Figure 11. Evolution of the effective stress and effective plastic strain in the explosive subassembly during the configuration W1 warhead drop impact process with posture 5

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图 12 W1构型弹体在不同跌落姿态条件下的装药最大局域等效塑性应变演化历程

Figure 12. Evolution of the maximum effective plastic strain in the explosive subassembly during the configuration W1 warhead drop impact processes with different postures

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图 13 在姿态1跌落条件下W2构型弹体药柱等效应力和等效塑性应变演变历程

Figure 13. Evolution of the effective stress and effective plastic strain in the explosive subassembly during the configuration W2 warhead drop impact process with posture 1

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图 14 在姿态1跌落条件下W3构型弹体药柱等效应力和等效塑性应变演变历程

Figure 14. Evolution of the effective stress and effective plastic strain in the explosive subassembly during the configuration W3 warhead drop impact process with posture 1

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图 15 在姿态3跌落条件下W2构型弹体药柱等效应力和等效塑性应变演变历程

Figure 15. Evolution of the effective stress and effective plastic strain in the explosive subassembly during the configuration W2 warhead drop impact process with posture 3

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图 16 在姿态3跌落条件下W3构型弹体药柱等效应力和等效塑性应变演变历程

Figure 16. Evolution of the effective stress and effective plastic strain in the explosive subassembly during the configuration W3 warhead drop impact process with posture 3

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图 17 不同构型弹体在不同姿态跌落条件下的装药局域最大等效塑性应变演化历程

Figure 17. Evolution of the maximum effective plastic strain in the explosive subassemblies during the drop impact processes of different configuration warheads with different postures

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图 18 W1构型弹体在姿态1和不同高度跌落条件下的药柱等效应力和等效塑性应变分布

Figure 18. Distribution of the effective stress and effective plastic strain in the explosive subassembly during the configuration W1 warhead drop impact processes with posture 1 at different drop heights

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图 19 W1构型弹体在姿态3和不同高度跌落条件下的药柱等效应力和等效塑性应变分布

Figure 19. Distribution of the effective stress and effective plastic strain in the explosive subassembles during the configuration W1 warhead drop impact processes with posture 3 at different drop heights

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图 20 W1构型弹体在不同高度跌落条件下的药柱最大等效塑性应变演变历程

Figure 20. Evolution of the maximum effective plastic strain in the explosive subassemblies during the configuration W1 warhead drop impact processes at different drop heights

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表 1 材料参数

Table 1. Parameters of materials

部件	材料	ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	E/GPa	ν	c_V/(J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹)	T_r/K	T_m/K	$ {\dot \varepsilon _0} $/s⁻¹
壳体/隔板	G50钢	7620	205	0.28	469.0	300	1765	1
尾盖	TC4钛	4428	110	0.31	560.0	300	1878	1
靶板	Q235钢	7800	200	0.29	477.0	300	1793	1
装药	PBX	1900	12	0.30	1559.0	300	540	1

部件	材料	A/MPa	B/MPa	n	C	m	D₁	D₂
壳体/隔板	G50钢	1445	1326	0.356	0.005	1.12	0.10	0.76
尾盖	TC4钛	1098	1092	0.930	0.014	1.10	−0.09	0.76
靶板	Q235钢	235	1050	0.250	0.015	1.03	3.20	0
装药	PBX	15	10	1.000	0.200	0.60	0	0

部件	材料	D₃	D₄	D₅	c₀/(m·s⁻¹)	S₁	γ₀	a
壳体/隔板	G50钢	1.57	0	0	4280	1.990	2.00	0.46
尾盖	TC4钛	0.48	0.014	3.87	5130	1.028	1.23	0.90
靶板	Q235钢	0	0	0	4578	1.360	1.65	0.45
装药	PBX	0	0	0	2565	2.380	1.10	0

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表 2 构型弹体跌落姿态和高度

Table 2. Postures and heights of the warhead drop impact

弹体跌落姿态	跌落倾角	跌落高度/m
1	0° (垂直跌落，尾部向下)	3, 12, 20, 40
2	180° (垂直跌落，头部向下)	3, 12, 20, 40
3	90° (水平跌落)	3, 12, 20, 40
4	45° (倾斜跌落，尾部向下)	3, 12, 20, 40
5	−45° (倾斜跌落，头部向下)	3, 12, 20, 40

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表 3 不同跌落姿态下W1构型弹体装药最大过载和最大局域等效塑性应变

Table 3. Maximum acceleration and effective plastic strain in the explosive subassembly during the configuration W1warhead drop impact with various postures

弹体跌落姿态	最大过载/g	最大局域等效塑性应变
1	4554	0.097
2	1904	0.027
3	4190	0.059
4	1105	0.027
5	954	0.011

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表 4 不同构型弹体跌落冲击过程中装药最大过载和最大局域等效塑性应变

Table 4. The maximum accelerations and the maximum effective plastic strains of the explosive subassemblies during the drop impact processes of the warheads with different configurations

弹体构型	最大过载/g		局域最大等效塑性应变
弹体构型	姿态1	姿态3	姿态1	姿态3
W1	4554	4190	0.097	0.059
W2	4506	4246	0.160	0.061
W3	5375	5003	0.140	0.083

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表 5 不同跌落高度下W1构型弹体药柱最大过载和最大局域等效塑性应变

Table 5. The maximum acceleration and the maximum effective plastic strain in the explosive subassemblies during the configuration W3 warhead drop impact processes at different drop heights

跌落高度/m	最大过载/g		局域最大等效塑性应变
跌落高度/m	姿态1	姿态3	姿态1	姿态3
3	2249	2303	0.042	0.013
12	4554	4190	0.097	0.059
20	5890	5389	0.146	0.088
40	8300	7536	0.214	0.144

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