钙质砂介质中爆炸波传播规律的试验研究

潘亚豪; 宗周红; 钱海敏; 黄杰; 单玉麟

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2022-0117

钙质砂介质中爆炸波传播规律的试验研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2022-0117

东南大学爆炸安全防护教育部工程研究中心，江苏南京 211189

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2021YFC3100700）

详细信息

作者简介:
潘亚豪（1995－　），女，博士研究生，panyahao@seu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
宗周红（1966－　），男，教授，zongzh@seu.edu.cn

中图分类号: 0382
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-25
- 修回日期: 2022-12-26
- 网络出版日期: 2023-02-07
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-05

Experimental study on blast wave propagation in calcareous sand

Engineering Research Center of Safety and Protection of Explosion & Impact of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China

摘要

摘要: 开展了一系列钙质砂和石英砂的地面爆炸试验，主要对比分析了两种砂土介质中爆炸波的传播规律，包括峰值压力、弹塑性波速及升压时间、爆坑尺寸等。试验结果表明，爆炸波在钙质砂中的传播与在石英砂中存在较大差异：地面爆炸作用下钙质砂爆坑较石英砂爆坑的直径和深度更小，且成坑形状为两阶同心圆；钙质砂中弹性波速为236～300 m/s，石英砂中弹性波速为218～337 m/s，弹性波速和塑性波速均随炸药质量增加而增大；爆炸波在钙质砂中的升压时间随比例距离的增加而增加，而在石英砂中升压时间随比例距离变化不明显，且较钙质砂中升压更迅速；在地面爆炸作用下，低含水率钙质砂的衰减系数为2.86，石英砂为2.79。
- 钙质砂 /
- 石英砂 /
- 地面爆炸 /
- 地冲击
Abstract: Calcareous sand is widely distributed in coastal areas, and its engineering and mechanical properties are significantly different from terrestrial sands. To study the blast wave propagation in calcareous sand, a series of explosion tests with various charge weights on the ground surface were carried out in calcareous sand and silica sand. Pressure time-history curves at positions directly below the explosion center were measured. The propagation laws of two kinds of sands were investigated, including peak pressure, wave velocities of elastic and plastic waves, the rise time of pressure and size of cater. The results show that the blast wave propagation in calcareous sand differs from that in silica sand. Tests under 0.2 kg and 0.8 kg charge weight were conducted twice. And the results show that the explosion experiment is repeatable. Cater produced by the surface explosion in calcareous sand has a smaller size than in silica sand, and the shape of the cater is two-tier concentric circles, one of which is small in diameter and large in depth, and the other is large in diameter and small in depth. The elastic velocity in calcareous sand is 236 m/s to 300 m/s, and that in silica sand is 218 m/s to 337 m/s, while the elastic wave and plastic wave velocity increase with the increase of the explosive charge. The rise time of the blast wave pressure in calcareous sand increases with the increase of scaled distance. In silica sand, rise time does not change with the scaled distance and is much smaller than that in calcareous sand. The measured peak pressures are fitted by using a power function of scaled distance. The attenuation laws of peak pressure in calcareous sand and silica sand are derived. The attenuation coefficient of calcareous sand with low moisture content is 2.86, and 2.79 for silica sand.
- calcareous sand /
- silica sand /
- ground explosion /
- ground shock

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图 1 砂土试样

Figure 1. Sand specimen

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图 2 试验用砂土级配曲线

Figure 2. Particle size distribution

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图 3 试验现场

Figure 3. Test site

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图 4 土压力传感器布置

Figure 4. Locations of pressure sensors

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图 5 相同爆炸药量同测点压力和冲量时程曲线对比图

Figure 5. Comparison of pressure time-history and impulse time-history curves at the same location

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图 6 爆炸试验前后钙质砂颗粒级配曲线

Figure 6. Particle size distribution before and after the explosion

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图 7 爆炸后钙质砂和石英砂表面形成的爆坑

Figure 7. Craters on the surface of calcareous sand and silica sand after the explosions

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图 8 爆坑尺寸定义

Figure 8. Definition of crater sizes

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图 9 爆心正下方不同深度的压力时程曲线

Figure 9. Pressure time-history curves at different depths directly below the explosion center

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图 10 冲量试验结果及其拟合曲线

Figure 10. Experimental results and fitting curves of the scaled impulse

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图 11 爆心距与波阵面到达时刻线性拟合曲线

Figure 11. Linear fitting curves of explosion center distance and arrival time of wave front

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图 12 爆心距与压力峰值到达时刻线性拟合曲线

Figure 12. Linear fitting curves of explosion center distance and arrival time of pressure peak

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图 13 爆炸波升压时间与比例距离关系

Figure 13. The relationship between rise time and scaled distance

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图 14 峰值压力实测值和拟合曲线

Figure 14. Experimental results and fitting curves of peak pressure

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图 15 峰值压力试验值与计算值对比

Figure 15. Comparison of peak pressures measured value and calculated value

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表 1 爆炸试验参数设计表

Table 1. Measured parameters of explosion test

试验编号	土体类型	装药质量/kg	比例距离/(m·kg^−1/3)
试验编号	土体类型	装药质量/kg	H = 0.35 m	H = 0.50 m	H = 0.65 m
CS-1	钙质砂	0.2	0.64	0.90	1.15
CS-2		0.4	0.52	0.72	0.93
CS-3		0.8	0.45	0.61	0.78
CS-4		1.6	0.33	0.46	0.59
SS-1	石英砂	0.2	0.62	0.88	1.13
SS-2		0.4	0.51	0.71	0.92
SS-3		0.8	0.40	0.57	0.73
SS-4		1.6	0.34	0.47	0.60
SS-5		3.2	0.27	0.37	0.48

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表 2 相同爆炸药量同测点峰值压力对比

Table 2. Comparison of peak pressure at the same location

W/kg	试验	H = 0.35 m		H = 0.50 m		H = 0.65 m
W/kg	试验	峰值压力/MPa	相对差值/%	峰值压力/MPa	相对差值/%	峰值压力/MPa	相对差值/%
0.2	1	0.86	31.07	0.46	22.93	0.34	19.49
0.2	2	1.13	31.07	0.57	22.93	0.40	19.49
0.8	1	3.99	1.87	1.65	3.59	1.07	2.49
0.8	2	4.06	1.87	1.71	3.59	1.10	2.49
注：相对差值 = (第2次峰值压力-第1次峰值压力)/第1次峰值压力×100 %。

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表 3 钙质砂和石英砂爆坑尺寸

Table 3. Crater sizes of calcareous sand and silica sand

W/kg	材料	d/mm	D/mm	h/mm	∆h/mm
0.2	钙质砂	164	560	68	18
0.2	石英砂	195	590	111	90
0.4	钙质砂	236	673	91	29
0.4	石英砂	195	670	125	90
0.8	钙质砂	288	700	105	30
0.8	石英砂	−	850	150	−

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表 4 波速拟合结果

Table 4. Fitting results of blast wave velocity

试验	弹性波速/(m∙s⁻¹)	拟合优度	塑性波速/(m∙s⁻¹)	拟合优度
CS-1	236	0.996	188	0.998
CS-2	253	0.987	236	0.999
CS-3	294	0.982	361*	1.000
CS-4	300	0.976	294	1.000
SS-1	218	0.995	234	1.000
SS-2	247	0.998	234	1.000
SS-3	290	0.999	285	1.000
SS-4	279	0.999	285	1.000
SS-5	337	0.999	−	−
注：*为异常值。

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表 5 计算参数

Table 5. Parameters of calculation

材料	ρ/(kg∙m⁻³)	c/(m∙s⁻¹)	n	f
钙质砂	1 320	271	2.859	0.14
石英砂	1 390	272	2.786	0.14

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