三元可燃混合气体爆炸极限实验及预测方法

宁也; 何萌; 祁畅; 陈昇; 闫兴清; 喻健良

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2022-0120

三元可燃混合气体爆炸极限实验及预测方法

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2022-0120

宁也^1,,
何萌²,
祁畅¹,
陈昇^2, ,,
闫兴清¹,
喻健良¹

1.
大连理工大学化工学院，辽宁大连 116024
2.
中国特种设备检测研究院炼油与化工装备风险防控国家市场监管技术创新中心，北京 100029

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52174167）；国家重点研发计划（2019YFC0810902）；中国特种设备检测研究院二级学科建设基金（2021XKTD004）

详细信息

作者简介:
宁　也（1997－　），女，硕士研究生， ningye@mail.dlut.edu.cn

通讯作者:
陈　昇（1987－　），男，博士，高级工程师， chensheng_csei@163.com

中图分类号: O389；X932
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- 文章访问数: 474
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-28
- 修回日期: 2022-07-22
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-09
- 刊出日期: 2023-04-05

Experiment and prediction methods on the explosion limit of the ternary flammable gas mixture

1.
School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
2.
Technology Innovation Center of Risk Prevention and Control of Refining and Chemical Equipment for State Market Regulation, China Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute, Beijing 100029, China

摘要

摘要: 为了控制并预防原油的储存及输运过程中挥发气体造成的安全风险，在20 L球形爆炸容器内开展了由原油中挥发轻烃CH₄、C₃H₈和C₂H₄构成的三元可燃混合气体的爆炸极限实验，提出并验证了基于Le Chatelier定律及Chemkin模拟的一维层流预混火焰模型预测三元可燃混合气体爆炸极限的方法。结果表明，三元可燃混合气体爆炸极限始终位于3种纯组分的爆炸极限内，随着某一纯组分增加呈现出接近其爆炸极限的趋势。3种纯组分对爆炸上限的影响要强于对爆炸下限的影响，其中C₂H₄对三元可燃混合气体爆炸上限影响尤为显著。两种预测方法的预测结果均与实验规律性一致。Le Chatelier定律预测混合气体爆炸下限较准确，但对爆炸上限的预测随着C₂H₄的增加偏差增大，修正后偏差明显减小；Chemkin预测爆炸下限虽存在一定偏差，但在实验偏差的允许范围内，可作为一种预测三元可燃混合气体爆炸下限的新方法。
- 三元可燃混合气体 /
- 爆炸极限 /
- Chemkin /
- Le Chatelier定律
Abstract: In order to control and prevent the safety risks caused by volatile gases during the storage and transportation of crude oil, the explosion limit of the ternary flammable gas mixture composed of volatile light hydrocarbons including CH₄, C₃H₈ and C₂H₄ in crude oil was experimentally investigated in a 20 L spherical explosive device. The experiment was carried out at 20 °C and 0.1 MPa, and the method of partial pressure was used to distribute the gases. Taking the rise of pressure over 5% as the criterion for explosion, each group of the experiments was repeated three times. Methods for predicting the explosion limit of the ternary flammable gas mixture based on Le Chatelier’s law and the model of one-dimensional laminar premixed flame in Chemkin are proposed, and the reliability of these two methods is verified by the experiment. The results show that the explosion limit of the ternary flammable gas mixture is always within the explosion limit of these three pure components, which tends to approach the explosion limit of a certain pure component with its increase. The influence of the three pure components on the upper explosion limit is more pronounced than on the lower explosion limit, and the effect of C₂H₄ on the upper explosion limit is particularly obvious compared with the other two pure components. Both methods of prediction are highly consistent with the experimental regularity. The prediction of the lower explosion limit by Le Chatelier’s law is relatively accurate. However, the deviation of the upper explosion limit increases with the raise of C₂H₄ due to its special characteristics of combustion, and the deviation decreases significantly after the correction of Le Chatelier’s law. Although the prediction of the lower explosion limit by Chemkin, which predicts the lower explosion limit by calculating the laminar burning velocity near the lower explosion limit, desplays a certain deviation, it is within the allowable range of experimental deviations. Therefore, it can be used as a new method to predict the lower explosion limit of the ternary flammable gas mixtures, but the model of one-dimensional laminar premixed flame is not suitable for the prediction on the upper explosion limit.
- ternary flammable gas mixture /
- explosion limit /
- Chemkin /
- Le Chatelier’s law

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图 1 实验系统图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of experimental system

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图 2 CH₄爆炸上限的实验测定

Figure 2. Experimental upper explosion limits of CH₄

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图 3 爆炸下限实验结果

Figure 3. Experimental results of the lower explosion limit

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图 4 爆炸下限Le Chatelier定律预测结果与实验结果对比

Figure 4. The lower explosion limits predicted by Le Chatelier’s law with experimental results

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图 5 爆炸下限Chemkin预测结果与实验结果对比

Figure 5. The lower explosion limits predicted by Chemkin with experimental results

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图 6 爆炸上限实验结果

Figure 6. Experimental results of the upper explosion limit

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图 7 爆炸上限Le Chatelier定律预测结果与实验结果对比

Figure 7. The upper explosion limits predicted by Le Chatelier’s law with experimental results

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图 8 爆炸下限预测结果与实验结果偏差

Figure 8. Deviation of the lower explosion limit between predictive results and experimental results

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图 9 Le Chatelier定律预测爆炸上限偏差

Figure 9. Deviation of predicting the upper explosion limit by Le Chatelier’s law

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图 10 爆炸上限修正前后偏差

Figure 10. Deviation of the upper explosion limit before and after correction

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表 1 气体爆炸极限

Table 1. The explosion limit of gases

实验装置或来源	CH₄体积分数/%		C₃H₈体积分数/%		C₂H₄体积分数/%
实验装置或来源	爆炸下限	爆炸上限	爆炸下限	爆炸上限	爆炸下限	爆炸上限
封闭圆柱体^[19]	5.25	15.80	2.09	10.09	2.81	30.61
MSDS^[9]	5.30	15.00	2.10	9.50	2.70	36.00
12 L球形玻璃容器^[11]	4.90	15.80	2.03	10.00	2.74	31.50
50.8 mm管向上传播^[20]	5.30	15.00	2.20	9.50	3.10	32.00
本文中20 L球形爆炸容器	4.90	15.90	2.10	10.90	2.70	35.90

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