Numerical analysis of dynamic response of ceramic particle reinforced polyurethane composites under explosive loading
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摘要: 陶瓷球作为增强相加入到聚氨酯基体中，能够提高复合材料的抗冲击性能。为研究毫米级陶瓷球对聚氨酯复合材料抗冲击性能的影响，基于LS-DYNA的ALE算法对直径为4.5 mm的Al2O3陶瓷球增强聚氨酯基复合材料进行小当量爆炸载荷下的动态响应数值模拟，并探究爆炸当量和陶瓷球尺寸对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明，随着爆炸当量的提高，复合材料挠度/速度增长较为稳定且聚氨酯的吸能效率不断提升；在相同面密度下，陶瓷球尺寸越小，复合材料板受冲击载荷的变化敏感度越低，总体的加速度波动范围也变大。Abstract: As a traditional energy absorbing and shock absorbing protective material, polyurethane has high requirements for its dynamic mechanical properties. An effective way to improve the impact resistance of polyurethane is to add ceramic balls as reinforcement in polyurethane matrix. The existing research on ceramic ball reinforced materials mainly focuses on nano and micro scale. The dynamic response of Al2O3 ceramic ball reinforced polyurethane matrix composites under small equivalent explosion load was simulated by establishing a numerical model of polyurethane embedded millimeter ceramic ball and using ALE algorithm of LS-DYNA and the correctness of the numerical model was verified by the empirical formula of henrych’s free field explosion overpressure and the penetration experiment of polyurethane-ceramic sphere composite plate. The deformation process of the composite plate was obtained and through the comparison of the acceleration of the composite plate and the pure polyurethane, it was found that the acceleration of the ceramic ball and the polyurethane always maintain the opposite direction, which proves that the existence of the ceramic ball reduces the overall acceleration fluctuation range; Furthermore, the effects of explosion equivalent on the velocity, displacement and energy absorption of composite plates and the effects of different explosion equivalent and ceramic ball size on the properties of composite materials under a certain areal density were discussed. The results show that the overall acceleration fluctuation range of polyurethane-ceramic balls composite material is about 1×105 m/s2 lower than that of pure polyurethane. With the increase of explosive equivalent, the deflection of the composite increased steadily to 1 mm, and the energy absorption proportion of polyurethane increased from 69.6% to 80.3%. Under the same areal density, both the deformation resistance of the composite plate and the overall acceleration fluctuation range increases with the increase of the diameter of the ceramic ball.
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Key words:
- polyurethane /
- ceramic balls /
- explosion shock /
- dynamic response
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图 2 陶瓷颗粒聚氨酯复合材料有限元模型
Figure 2. A finite element model of ceramic particle polyurethane composites
图 6 超压的数值模拟与经验公式结果对比
Figure 6. Comparison between numerical simulation and empirical formula
图 8 数值模拟与实验结果的剖面对比
Figure 8. Cross-section comparison of numerical simulation and experimental results
图 9 复合材料底部距中心不同距离点的挠度曲线
Figure 9. Deflection curves of different distance points from the bottom of composite material to the center
图 12 复合材料底部距中心不同距离点的速度曲线
Figure 12. Velocity curves of different distance points from the bottom of composite to the center
图 13 不同爆炸当量下背波面位移/速度曲线
Figure 13. Displacement/velocity curves at the back wavefront for different explosion equivalents
图 14 不同爆炸当量时，不同材料吸能对比
Figure 14. Comparison of energy absorption of different materials at different explosion equivalents
图 16 爆炸当量为3 g时不同直径陶瓷球的位移曲线
Figure 16. Displacement curves for ceramic balls of different diameters with explosion equivalent 3 g
图 17 不同直径陶瓷球背波面中心点的挠度曲线
Figure 17. Deflection curves of center points of back wave surfaces
图 18 爆炸当量为3 g时不同直径陶瓷球的吸能曲线
Figure 18. Energy absorption curves for ceramic balls of different diameters with explosion equivalent 3 g
图 19 爆炸当量为3 g时不同直径陶瓷球的加速度曲线
Figure 19. Acceleration curves for ceramic balls of different diameters with explosion equivalent 3 g
A/GPa B/GPa R1 R2 ρ/(kg·m−3) D/(m·s−1) pCJ/GPa e0/(GJ·m−3) ω 379 3.9 4.15 0.9 1590 6930 19.5 7.0 0.35 
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表 2 陶瓷球材料参数
Table 2. Ceramic ball material parameters
ρ/(kg·m−3) G/GPa A B C M N D1 D2 3859.9 118 0.95 0.28 0.0076 0.6 0.64 0.1 0.7
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表 3 剩余速度的数值模拟与实验对比
Table 3. Comparison of residual velocity between simulation and experiment
初速度/(m·s−1) 剩余速度/(m·s−1) 实验 数值模拟 相对误差/% 135.9 0 0 0 316.5 249.4 246.0 1.36
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表 4 陶瓷球尺寸参数
Table 4. Dimension parameters of ceramic ball
2rc/mm nc ρs/(g·mm−2) d/mm m/% 3.0 1613 1.186 0.1 50 4.5 495 1.201 0.8 48 6.0 203 1.189 4.3 48
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