Damage of hydrodynamic ram effect to riveted fuel tanks
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摘要: 为了研究高速侵彻体撞击飞机油箱等充液容器所产生的水锤效应对容器结构产生的灾难性破坏，以铆接油箱为对象，通过开展弹道射击实验，结合数字图像相关测试技术，获取了铆接油箱在射弹冲击作用下的箱体变形、破孔直径等数据；并建立流-固耦合有限元模型，分析射弹入射速度与射弹动能损失、箱体变形、流体动压、铆钉失效之间的关系。结果表明：有限元模拟结果与实验结果基本吻合，数值模型可用于描述油箱在水锤作用下的动力学行为；射弹动能损失、箱体变形量、液体压力峰值与射弹入射速度呈正比例关系；当射弹入射速度达到1400 m/s之后，油箱后壁板开始出现裂纹，并呈花瓣式破孔损伤；当射弹入射速度达到1600 m/s时，铆钉开始发生断裂。Abstract: In order to gain insight into the mechanism of catastrophic damage due to the hydrodynamic ram effect caused by projectiles with high-velocity striking fluid-filled containers such as aircraft fuel tanks, an ballistic shock experiment was carried out by using projectiles to penetrate riveted fuel tanks. The dynamic responses of the rear wall were observed with a three-dimensional digital image correlation technique, and the experimental data were obtained, such as the deformations of the tanks and the diameters of the hole under projectile impact. Also, the fluid-solid coupling finite element model was established based on the experiment to simulate the impact process and the hydrodynamic ram effect under the projectile velocity from 780 to 1600 m/s by analyzing the variation of projectile velocities influencing the kinetic energy reductions, projectile accelerations, the distribution of liquid pressure in the box and the deformation and tearing of the tank wall and rivets. The results show that the finite element simulation results are consistent with the experimental ones. The kinetic energy loss of the projectile, the deformation of the tank, and the peak pressure of the fuel are proportional to the projectile velocity. When the projectile velocity reached 1400 m/s, cracks began to appear on the rear wall of the fuel tank, showing a petal-type hole damage. When the projectile velocity reached 1600 m/s, the rivet began to break.
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Key words:
- hydrodynamic ram /
- riveted fuel tank /
- fluid-structure interaction /
- damage mechanism
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图 3 不同时刻实验与模拟中的油箱后壁板变形云图对比
Figure 3. Comparison of deformation contours of the back wall of the fuel tank in experiment and simulation at different time
图 4 不同时刻油箱后壁板z轴变形
Figure 4. z-axis deformation of the back wall of the fuel tank at different times
图 5 后壁板破孔实验结果和模拟结果的对比
Figure 5. Comparison of the experiment result and the simulation result of the broken hole in the back wall
图 6 后壁板弹孔上方20 mm的速度
Figure 6. Velocity of units at 20 mm above the projectile hole in the back wall
图 8 油箱前后壁板对射弹的阻力及冲击波对后壁板单元的预应力
Figure 8. Projectile resistance from the front and back walls of the tank and prestress of the back wall elements by the shock wave
图 9 射弹入射速度对动能损失的影响
Figure 9. Influence of projectile incident velocity on kinetic energy loss
图 10 不同射弹入射速度下煤油的压力分布演化
Figure 10. Pressure contours of kerosene at different projectile impact velocities
图 11 射弹入射速度对初始冲击波压力和持续时间的影响
Figure 11. Infuence of impact velocity of projectile on pressure of initial shock wave and its duration
图 12 壁面测点处的煤油压力时程曲线
Figure 12. Time-history curves of kerosene pressure at measuring point on the side wall
图 15 不同射弹入射速度下后壁板的损伤模式演化
Figure 15. Evolution of the damage patterns of the back wall at different projectile impact velocities
图 16 铆钉发生最大变形时的等效应力云图
Figure 16. Equivalent stress of the rivets contours at maximum deformation
图 18 不同射弹入射速度下铆钉变形对比
Figure 18. Comparison of rivet deformation under different projectile impact velocities
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