弹体材料性能对超高速侵彻深度的影响规律

钱秉文; 周刚; 李名锐; 陈春林; 高鹏飞; 沈子楷; 马坤

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2022-0310

弹体材料性能对超高速侵彻深度的影响规律

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2022-0310

钱秉文^1,,
周刚^1, ,,
李名锐¹,
陈春林¹,
高鹏飞¹,
沈子楷^{1, 2},
马坤¹

1.
西北核技术研究院，陕西西安 710024
2.
清华大学工程物理系，北京 100084

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11802248）

详细信息

作者简介:
钱秉文（1986－　），男，博士，副研究员，qianbingwen@nint.ac.cn

通讯作者:
周　刚（1964－　），男，博士，研究员，博士生导师，gzhou@nint.ac.cn

中图分类号: O385
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-18
- 修回日期: 2024-04-30
- 网络出版日期: 2024-05-06
- 刊出日期: 2024-10-30

Influences of material properties of a projectile on hypervelocity penetration depth

1.
Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xiʼan 710024, Shaanxi, China
2.
Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究弹体材料参数（主要指屈服强度、韧性等）对超高速侵彻混凝土靶侵彻深度的影响规律，开展了不同材料性能的93W合金柱形弹以2300～3600 m/s的速度侵彻混凝土靶实验，得到了不同材料性能弹体的侵彻深度和残余弹体长度实验数据，并结合已有文献中的实验结果以及数值模拟方法，分析了材料参数对侵彻深度、残余弹体长度的影响规律。得到的结论如下：(1)如果弹体材料的韧性增强而强度不变，残余弹体特征参数并未显著改变，侵彻深度无显著变化，侵彻深度极大值对应的弹速也无显著变化；(2)如果弹体材料的强度提高而韧性不变，则弹体抵抗侵蚀的能力提升，使弹体残余长度增加，侵彻阶段的临界转变速度增加，进而使刚体侵彻深度和总侵深增加，同时使弹体侵彻深度极大值对应的侵彻速度提高。
- 超高速 /
- 侵彻 /
- 钨合金弹 /
- 强度 /
- 韧性 /
- 混凝土 /
- 二级轻气炮
Abstract: In order to study the influence of projectile material parameters (mainly strength, toughness, etc.) on the penetration depth of hypervelocity penetrating concrete targets, experiments of 93W alloy column-shaped projectiles with different material properties penetrating concrete targets at 2300–3600 m/s were carried out on a 57/10 two-stage light gas gun. The projectile velocity was measured by a laser velocimetry system, of which the uncertainty is less than 1%. The experimental data of penetration depth and residual projectile length of different projectiles were obtained by computed tomography (CT) diagnosis technology, which can achieve a measurement accuracy of 0.1 mm. Combined with the experimental results and numerical simulation of Euler type finite element method in the literature, the influences of material parameters on the penetration depth and length of the residual projectile at different impact velocities were analyzed. Numerical simulation was carried out based on the AUTODYN software. In the simulation process, tungsten alloy was described by the Grüneisen equation of state and Steinberg constitutive model, while concrete was described by the pressure-porosity equation of state and RHT dynamic damage constitutive model. The conclusions obtained are as follows. (1) If the toughness of the projectile material increases and the strength does not change, the characteristic parameters of the residual projectile, the penetration depth, and the velocity of the corresponding maximum penetration depth do not change significantly. (2) If the strength of the projectile material increases and the toughness is constant, the ability of the projectile to resist erosion can be enhanced, the residual length of the projectile increases, and the critical transition speed increases, thereby increasing the rigid penetration depth and total penetration depth. At the same time, the velocity corresponding to the maximum value of the projectile penetration depth increases.
- hypervelocity /
- penetration /
- tungsten alloy projectile /
- strength /
- toughness /
- concrete /
- two-stage light gas gun

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图 1 超高速撞击实验装置

Figure 1. Setup for hypervelocity impact experiments

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图 2 93W合金柱形弹体和混凝土靶

Figure 2. Cylindrical 93W alloy projectiles and concrete targets

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图 3 实验2-1中高强度93W弹体以2.33 km/s的撞击速度侵彻混凝土靶的成坑CT图像和靶体表面照片

Figure 3. Crater CT image and target surface photo of the high-strength 93W projectile with the impact velocity of 2.33 km/s penetrating a concrete target in experiment 2-1

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图 4 不同材质弹体的超高速侵彻深度随撞击速度的变化

Figure 4. Variation of hypervelocity penetration depth of different material projectiles with impact velocity

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图 5 不同材质弹体超高速侵彻后残余长度随撞击速度的变化

Figure 5. Variation of residual length of different material projectiles after hypervelocity penetration with impact velocity

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图 6 不同撞靶速度条件下数值模拟得到的弹洞形貌与实验结果的对比

Figure 6. Comparison between simulation and experimental results of bullet hole morphologies under different impact velocities

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图 7 不同失效应变条件下侵彻深度随撞击速度变化的模拟结果

Figure 7. Simulated results of penetration depth as a function of impact velocity under different failure strain conditions

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图 8 不同强度弹体分阶段侵深的数值模拟结果与总侵深实验结果的对比

Figure 8. Comparison of numerical simulation results of staged penetration depth with experimental total penetration depth by different strength projectiles

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图 9 不同强度弹体的残余弹长数值模拟结果与实验结果的对比

Figure 9. Comparison of residual projectile lengths of different strength projectiles between numerical simulation results and experimental ones

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图 10 在3000 m/s的撞击速度下不同强度弹体的弹靶界面速度和弹体尾部速度随时间的变化

Figure 10. Variations of the projectile-target interface velocities and projectile-tail velocities of the projectiles with different strengths under the impact velocity of 3 km/s

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表 1 3种弹体的材料性能参数

Table 1. Material performance parameters of three kinds of projectiles

实验弹体	材质	$ {\sigma }_{0.2} $/MPa	$ {\sigma }_{\mathrm{b}} $/MPa	δ/%	K_IC/(MPa·m^1/2)
Ⅰ型弹	高韧性93W	740	950	26	160
Ⅱ型弹	高强度93W	1222	1252	8	70
Ⅲ型弹^[8]	标准93W	731	878	8	130

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表 2 Ⅰ型弹体（高韧性93W合金）超高速侵彻混凝土靶成坑数据

Table 2. Crater data of type Ⅰ projectile (high-toughness 93W) penetrating concrete targets at hypervelocities

实验编号	撞击速度/(m∙s⁻¹)	攻角/(°)	侵彻深度/mm	弹坑直径/mm	弹体余长/mm	弹体余长误差/mm
1-1	2390	4	81.0	120.0	4.8	1.2
1-2	2740	6	86.0	112.1	4.6	1.2
1-3	2990	8	75.0	130.0	2.7	1.3
1-4	3310	0	69.9	142.8	0	0
1-5	3580	6	64.1	144.5	0	0

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表 3 Ⅱ型弹体（高强度93W合金）超高速侵彻混凝土靶成坑数据

Table 3. Crater data of type Ⅱ projectile (high strength 93W) penetrating concrete targets at hypervelocities

实验编号	撞击速度/(m∙s⁻¹)	攻角/(°)	侵彻深度/mm	弹坑直径/mm	弹体余长/mm	弹体余长误差/mm
2-1	2330	4	79.2	117.0	6.1	1.3
2-2	2680	5	84.6	120.8	5.1	1.2
2-3	2910	0	87.1	125.6	4.1	1.2
2-4	3350	0	82.4	145.3	3.4	1.2
2-5	3500	7	67.6	132.5	0	0

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表 4 Ⅲ型弹体（标准93W合金）超高速侵彻混凝土靶成坑数据^[8]

Table 4. Crater data of type Ⅲ projectiles (standard 93W) penetrating concrete targets at hypervelocities^[8]

实验编号	撞击速度/(m∙s⁻¹)	攻角/(°)	侵彻深度/mm	弹坑直径/mm	弹体余长/mm	弹体余长误差/mm
3-1	1820	7	67.0
3-2	1970	4	69.8	104.5	6.2	1.1
3-3	2020	5	80.6	103.3	6.7	1.2
3-4	2350	0	84.2	101.6	4.9	1.4
3-5	2390	4	82.5	105.5	5.6	0.1
3-6	2610	2	85.9	117.0	4.5	1.1
3-7	2660	0	84.0	115.9	4.2	0.1
3-8	2860	5	84.1	112.0	4.4	1.3
3-9	2900	4	76.7	105.9	3.2	1.4
3-10	3080	8	66.5	127.7	0	0
3-11	3190	0	68.0	128.0	0	0
3-12	3360	0	63.8	131.9	0	0
3-13	3360	4	61.0	144.5	0	0
3-14	3460	5	65.0	136.7	0	0
3-15	3660	7	58.3	141.4	0	0
注：实验3-1因靶体未加钢箍，破碎较严重，无法观测残余弹体

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表 5 最大侵深时3种弹体毁伤参数的对比

Table 5. Comparison of the damage parameters for three types of projectiles at the maximum penetration depth

弹体	撞击速度/(m∙s⁻¹)	侵彻深度/mm	弹坑直径/mm	弹体余长/mm
Ⅰ型弹	2740	86.0	112.18	4.6
Ⅱ型弹	2910	87.1	125.6	4.1
Ⅲ型弹^[8]	2610	85.9	117.0	4.5

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表 6 标准93W合金材料模型参数

Table 6. Material model parameters of standard 93W tungsten alloy

ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	G₀/GPa	σ_yd/GPa	T_m0/K	C/(m·s⁻¹)	S₁	A
17600	160	1.5	2 766	4 040	1.23	183.85

(G′_p·G₀⁻¹)/GPa⁻¹	(G′_T·G₀⁻¹)/K⁻¹	β	n	γ₀	a'
0.0094	0.00014	7.7	0.13	1.67	1.3

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表 7 混凝土的材料模型参数

Table 7. Material parameters of concrete

G₀/GPa	f_c/MPa	f_t/f_c	f_s/f_c	A	B	ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	M	D₁	D₂	$ {\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}}^{\mathrm{min}} $	N
16.7	42.7	0.1	0.18	1.4	1.4	2.2	0.5	0.04	1	0.01	0.5

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