用十字形超细药条离散群同步起爆实现超低比冲量加载

丁洋; 卢强; 李进; 郭志昀; 王占江

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2022-0314

用十字形超细药条离散群同步起爆实现超低比冲量加载

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2022-0314

西北核技术研究所，陕西西安 710024

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（12072290）

详细信息

作者简介:
丁　洋（1992－　），男，博士研究生，助理研究员，dingyang@nint.ac.cn

通讯作者:
王占江（1961－　），男，博士，研究员，wangzhanjiang@nint.ac.cn

中图分类号: O383
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-19
- 修回日期: 2023-01-19
- 网络出版日期: 2023-02-21
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-05

Realization of ultra-low specific impulse loading by synchronous initiation of discrete group of cross ultra-fine explosive rods

Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, Shaanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 余弦分布载荷的化爆加载技术是高空核爆软X射线辐照下空间结构动态响应考核的主要手段。为适应新型空间飞行器结构考核的复杂构型、高同步性和低比冲量载荷设计要求，提出了一种用十字形超细药条离散群同步起爆实现超低比冲量加载的方法。实验结果验证表明：(1)所制作的十字形超细药条，最小截面尺寸为0.33 mm×0.5 mm，传爆性能稳定，并可通过直径0.5 mm的柔爆索直接起爆；(2)与相同布药密度的条状布药方式相比，布药空间均匀度提高了76.7%；(3)所采用的21点柔爆索同步起爆网络，起爆率达100%，起爆不同步性小于1 μs。进一步建立了离散片炸药加载数值计算模型，分析了离散片炸药群同步起爆加载的比冲量空间分布和匀化规律，将匀化过程分为扩散段、叠加段和均匀段3个阶段；对比了方形、十字形、短条形3种形状药片阵列的比冲量演化过程，发现十字形药片所需匀化距离最短、均匀度最高，仅需约0.8倍布药间距即可使比冲量均匀度偏差降至10%以下。
- 核爆X射线 /
- 片炸药 /
- 平面波 /
- 同步起爆 /
- 比冲量
Abstract: The loading technology of cosine distributed load by chemical explosion is the main method for evaluating the dynamic response of space structures under the irradiation of high-altitude nuclear explosions with soft X-rays. A loading method of discretely-distributed sheet explosives synchronously detonated by a mild detonating fuse (MDF) network was proposed to meet the design requirements of complex configuration, high synchronicity and low specific impulse load in the structural assessment of new space vehicles. In terms of experimental study, the cross-shaped sheet explosive made by stacking explosive strips with a cross-sectional size of 0.33 mm×0.5 mm can be directly detonated by a mild detonating fuse with the diameter of 0.5 mm. Compared with strip distribution, the space uniformity of cross distribution is improved by 76.7%. A high-speed camera was used to record the shock wave luminescence during the detonation process. The results show that the detonation ratio of the 21-point MDF detonation network reaches 100%, and the detonation asynchrony is less than 1 μs. In terms of numerical simulation, a numerical model for the explosion of sheet explosives was established based on the multi-material arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) algorithm. The numerical model has strong grid sensitivity, and the results by it tend to converge when the mesh size reaches 0.5 mm, with the deviation from the measured specific impulse results within 5%. Based on the numerically-simulated results, the following conclusions can be drawn. (1) Under the periodic discrete distribution condition, the peak specific impulse is determined by the surface density of the explosive, and the evolution process of the peak specific impulse is determined by the spacing. (2) The homogenization process of specific impulse can be divided into three stages: diffusion stage, superposition stage and uniform stage. The specific impulse is homogenized through free diffusion of shock wave in the diffusion stage, and through shock wave superposition and collision in the superposition stage, and finally enters the uniform stage with relatively uniform distribution. (3) The homogenization distance into the uniform stage required by the arrays of square and short rod explosives is about equal to the spacing of the explosives, while the arrays of cross explosives only need about 0.8 times the spacing, and the degree of homogenization in the uniform stage is higher, so the cross explosive has a greater advantage in the case of plane explosive loading. (4) The loading mode of synchronous initiation of discrete explosive group not only improves the load synchronization, but also improves the load uniformity, compared with the slip detonation loading of rod distributed charge. The structural response distortion caused by the excessive additional mass of rubber can also be avoided by using the air layer between the sheet explosives and the structure to homogenize the load.
- nuclear explosion X-ray /
- sheet explosive /
- plane wave /
- synchronous initiation /
- specific impulse

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图 1 不同宽度片炸药条

Figure 1. Sheet explosive rods with different widths

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图 2 十字形片炸药组件及其制作过程

Figure 2. Cross sheet explosive components and their manufacturing process

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图 3 十字形片炸药离散起爆阵列

Figure 3. Cross sheet explosive array for discrete detonation

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图 4 十字形布药与条状布药的均匀度对比

Figure 4. Comparison of the evenness between cross and strip distributions

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图 5 测试系统原理图

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of test system

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图 6 测试系统实物图

Figure 6. Physical photo of test system

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图 7 起爆阵列的安装方式

Figure 7. Installation mode of the explosive array

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图 8 实验后定位板样貌

Figure 8. Appearance of the positioning plate after experiment

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图 9 高速摄影捕捉爆炸瞬间

Figure 9. Explosion moment captured by high-speed photography

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图 10 探针信号

Figure 10. Signals of probes

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图 11 冲量摆系统输出信号

Figure 11. Output voltage signals of the impulse pendulum system

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图 12 数值计算模型

Figure 12. The numerical model according to the experiment

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图 13 三种网格尺寸

Figure 13. Three types of mesh sizes

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图 14 不同网格尺寸的计算结果与实测值的对比

Figure 14. Comparison of experimental and numerical results under various mesh sizes

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图 15 比冲量演化规律研究数值模型

Figure 15. The numerical model for studying the evolution of specific impulse

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图 16 布药间距25 mm时比冲量空间分布及演化规律

Figure 16. Spatial distribution and evolution of specific impulse with a spacing of 25 mm

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图 17 不同药片间距下比冲量演化规律

Figure 17. Evolution of specific impulse under different spacings of sheet explosive

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图 18 不同形状药片的设计思路

Figure 18. Design ideas for sheet explosives with different shapes

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图 19 不同药片形状的数值模型

Figure 19. Numerical models of different shapes of sheet explosive

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图 20 不同形状药片阵列的峰值比冲量和均匀度偏差演化过程

Figure 20. Evolution of peak specific impulse and uniformity deviation of sheet explosive arrays with different shapes

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图 21 条状布药滑移爆轰加载数值模型和比冲量匀化过程

Figure 21. The numerical model and homogenization process of specific impulse under sliding detonation loading of explosive rods

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