多孔聚氨酯基复合削爆屏障的防护性能

周颖; 黄广炎; 王涛; 解亚宸; 张旭东

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2022-0375

多孔聚氨酯基复合削爆屏障的防护性能

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2022-0375

周颖^1,,
黄广炎^{1, 2, ,},
王涛¹,
解亚宸¹,
张旭东³

1.
北京理工大学机电学院，北京 100081
2.
北京理工大学重庆创新中心，重庆 401120
3.
奥卓新材料有限公司，山东滕州 277599

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11772059）；国家重点研发计划（2017yfc0822304）

详细信息

作者简介:
周　颖（1997－　），女，博士研究生，zhouying@bit.edu.cn

通讯作者:
黄广炎（1982－　），男，博士，教授， huanggy@bit.edu.cn

中图分类号: O383
计量
- 文章访问数: 233
- HTML全文浏览量: 72
- PDF下载量: 68
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-30
- 修回日期: 2023-07-11
- 刊出日期: 2023-10-27

Blast mitigation performance of porous polyurethane-basedcomposite explosion-proof barrier

1.
School of Mechatronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2.
Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
3.
Aozhuo New Materials Co., Ltd., Tengzhou 277599, Shandong, China

摘要

摘要: 针对削弱爆炸恐怖袭击危害这一公共安全领域的热点难题，开展新型削/防爆结构的研究刻不容缓。聚氨酯泡沫具有密度低、微观结构易设计、在爆炸载荷作用下不会产生二次杀伤性破片等优点，在新型削爆结构方面具有良好的应用前景。基于削弱爆炸危害的研究背景，搭建了定向冲击波流场装置对聚氨酯平板进行爆炸加载实验，并通过流固耦合数值模拟对实验进行了验证。在此基础上，利用已验证的模拟方法针对聚氨酯(polyurethane, PU)、水体环形复合屏障面向内爆炸载荷的削弱效应进行了模拟分析。以屏障的总体积相等作为设计前提，对比了PU/水、水、水/PU这3种屏障的冲击波削弱性能，并分析了聚氨酯密度对性能的影响规律。结果表明：削爆屏障的存在迫使冲击波发生反射、绕射、透射以及波与波之间的相互作用。相比于纯水屏障，PU/水屏障在自重下降32%的同时，依然能够有效削减冲击波峰值(可达13.3%)，主要利用了内侧聚氨酯波的低阻抗来降低冲击波的反射强度。
- 多孔聚氨酯泡沫 /
- 削爆屏障 /
- 爆炸冲击 /
- 冲击波削弱
Abstract: In view of the hot problem of reducing the harm of explosive terrorist attacks in public security field, the research on explosion-proof structures is urgent. Polyurethane foam has the advantages of being lightweight, has excellent mechanical properties, and can avoid secondary debris damage. It has a good application prospect in the new explosive disposal equipment. Based on the research background of explosion hazard reduction, the mechanism and effectiveness of shock wave weakening of polyurethane foam and polyurethane-based composite barriers need to be investigated. The microstructure and mechanical properties of porous polyurethane were tested firstly. It was to obtain the basic parameters and contribute to construct the simulation model of the samples with different densities (100-300 kg/m³). A directional flow field device was set up to impact the polyurethane plate and the feasibility of the corresponding numerical model was analyzed to study its protective performance against the plane shock wave. On this basis, the weakening effect of the polyurethane-water annular composite barrier under internal explosive loading was analyzed numerically by using the verified numerical model. The design premise was that the total volume of barriers was equal, and the shockwave weakening performances of PU/water, pure water and water/PU barriers were compared. The influence of polyurethane density on shock wave weakening performance was analyzed. The results show that the existence of a barrier forces the shock wave to reflect, diffract, transmit and interact with each other. Compared with a pure water barrier, the PU/water barrier can effectively reduce shock wave peak (up to 13.3%) when the total mass decreases by 32%. This is mainly because of the lower impedance of the inner polyurethane foam, which can reduce the strength of the shock wave reflected back from the barrier wall. Under current simulation conditions, it is more effective for the protection of corresponding barrier when the density of PU is 200 kg/m³ in the PU/water barrier.
- polyurethane foam /
- explosion-proof barrier /
- explosion impact /
- shock wave weakening

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图 1 多孔聚氨酯试样及对应的SEM图像

Figure 1. Physical pictures and SEM images of porous polyurethane

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图 2 聚氨酯泡沫的应力-应变曲线

Figure 2. Stress-strain curves of polyurethane foam

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图 3 定向流场爆炸冲击实验布局示意图(单位: mm)

Figure 3. Arrangement of a tubular explosive directional flow field device (unit in mm)

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图 4 起爆后不同密度的聚氨酯试样的响应过程

Figure 4. Response process of polyurethane samples with different densities after explosion

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图 5 实验靶后压力峰值对比

Figure 5. Comparison of peak pressure behind sample in experiment

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图 6 AUTODYN二维轴对称数值模型示意图(单位：mm)

Figure 6. Numerical model of axially symmetric 2D on AUTODYN (unit in mm)

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图 7 实验与数值模拟在观测点处的压力时程曲线对比

Figure 7. Comparison of the overpressure–time histories between the experimentaldata and numerical results on gauge

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图 8 数值模型示意图(单位: mm)

Figure 8. Schematic of numerical model (unit in mm)

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图 9 起爆后不同时刻冲击波及爆炸产物形态

Figure 9. Process of shock waves and explosion products in the case of structures at different moments after explosion

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图 10 3种防护结构水、PU/水和水/PU对应的不同测点处的无量纲超压峰值参数

Figure 10. Dimensionless peak overpressure at different gauges of protective structures of water, PU/water, and water/PU

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图 11 防护结构水，PU/水对应的无量纲超压峰值参数M_p变化曲线对比

Figure 11. Comparison of dimensionless peak overpressure parameter M_p variation curves correspondingto structures of water, PU/water

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图 12 防护结构水、水/PU对应的无量纲超压峰值参数M_p变化曲线对比

Figure 12. Comparison of dimensionless peak overpressure parameter M_p variation curves correspondingto structures of water, water/PU

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表 1 冲击波超压对有生力量的破坏作用阈值^[19]

Table 1. Threshold value of destructive effect ofshockwave overpressure on effectives^[19]

等级	超压峰值范围/MPa	破坏作用
Ⅰ	< 0.02	没有杀伤作用
Ⅱ	0.02～0.03	轻伤（轻微的挫伤）
Ⅲ	0.03～0.05	中等损伤（听觉器官损伤、中等挫伤、骨折等）
Ⅳ	0.05～0.10	重伤、甚至死亡（内脏严重挫伤）
Ⅴ	> 0.10	大部分死亡

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表 2 泡沫材料参数

Table 2. Material parameters for PU foams

密度/(kg·m⁻³)	体积模量/MPa	剪切模量/MPa	最大拉伸应力/MPa	泊松比
100	5.53	8.30	0.69	0.12
200	11.27	16.90	2.77	0.13
300	37.35	56.02	3.64	0.18

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表 3 实验与数值模拟的靶后压力峰值及对比

Table 3. Comparison between experimental and numerical simulation on peak pressure behind target

工况	靶后压力峰值/kPa			衰减率/%
工况	实验	数值模拟	相对误差/%	实验	数值模拟	相对误差/%
0-0	524	560	6.9	0	0	0
100-40	172	191	11.1	67.2	65.9	1.9
200-60	123	126	2.4	76.5	77.5	1.0
300-20	126	129	2.4	75.9	76.9	1.3
300-60	109	113	3.7	79.2	79.8	0.8

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表 4 数值模型中不同防护结构的几何参数

Table 4. Geometrical parameters of different protective structures in the numerical model

屏障名称	壁厚 A₁/mm	壁厚 A₂/mm	迎爆面内圆半径R/mm	屏障高度 H/mm
水	0	100	90	310
PU/水	50	50	90	310
水/PU	50	50	90	310

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