复合点阵结构强爆炸冲击载荷下的损伤机理与动态响应特性

时圣波; 王韧之; 唐佳宾; 甘云丹; 袁建飞; 陈勇

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2022-0430

复合点阵结构强爆炸冲击载荷下的损伤机理与动态响应特性

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2022-0430

1.
西北工业大学航天学院陕西省空天飞行器设计重点实验室，陕西西安 710072
2.
北京宇航系统工程研究所，北京 100076
3.
西安近代化学研究所，陕西西安 710065
4.
重庆理工大学车辆工程学院，重庆 400054

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（12172296）；上海市空间飞行器机构重点实验室基金（2021XGD）

详细信息

作者简介:
时圣波（1985－　），男，博士，副教授，shishengbo@nwpu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O389
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- 文章访问数: 377
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-07
- 修回日期: 2023-04-10
- 网络出版日期: 2023-04-26
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-05

Failure mechanism and dynamic response of a composite lattice structure under intense explosion loadings

1.
Shaanxi Aerospace Flight Vehicle Design Key Laboratory, School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, Shaanxi, China
2.
Beijing Institute of Aerospace Systems Engineering, Beijing 100076, China
3.
Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, Shaanxi, China
4.
Automobile Engineering Institute, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China

摘要

摘要: 基于碳纤维增强复合材料面板与金属芯层，设计出金字塔型复合点阵夹芯结构。利用地面爆炸冲击实验，研究复合点阵结构在强爆炸载荷作用下的损伤机理和失效模式。基于材料的细观损伤机理，构建复合材料面板的三维渐进损伤模型和金属芯层的Johnson-Cook损伤模型，并结合有限元方法发展了复合点阵结构的爆炸冲击响应预报模型。开展了不同载荷工况下结构的动态响应特性分析，结合实验测试结果分析了结构抗爆性能的主要影响因素。研究表明，在近距离强爆炸载荷作用下，复合点阵结构整体构型基本保持完好，仅局部出现失效现象，主要失效形式为边缘区域面芯脱粘和局部芯层杆件断裂，但结构整体上仍具有较好的承载能力。探讨了考虑多种载荷条件和结构参数相关变量的毁伤函数，给出了结构的可行设计域。研究结果可为装备关键部件轻量化/抗爆设计提供参考。
- 爆炸冲击防护 /
- 复合点阵结构 /
- 渐进失效模型 /
- 动态响应特性 /
- 毁伤函数
Abstract: In order to comply with the requirements of explosive shock wave protection for the new generation of equipment structures, it is necessary to design a lightweight, high energy absorption ratio structure and further systematically understand its dynamic responses under explosion loadings. A composite lattice sandwich structure with pyramidal truss core was designed, which consisting of carbon fiber reinforced composite panels and metal cores. The explosion experiments were carried out. The failure mechanism and damage mode of this composite lattice structure under intense explosion shock loadings were analyzed. Based on the failure mechanism in mesoscale of the material, both the three-dimensional progressive damage model of the composite panels and the Johnson-Cook damage model of the metal cores were constructed. By combining with the finite element method, a numerical model for predicting explosion shock response of the composite lattice structure was developed. Both the bonding properties between layers of the composite panels, and the performances of the adhesive layer between the panels and the cores were considered in the numerical model. The initial damage criterion based on strain description was established, and the damage dynamic evolution equations corresponding to different damage modes were given. A damage variable was introduced to characterize the attenuation degree of stiffness properties of the damaged elements. Furthermore, the stress of damaged elements could be obtained. The dynamic responses of this structure under different loadings were analyzed using the developed model. The main mechanisms influencing the explosion protection properties of the composite lattice structure were discussed based on both simulated and experimental results. It is revealed that the local failures occur when the composite lattice structure is exposed and close to explosion loadings. The main failure modes are the debonding between the composite panels and the pyramidal truss cores in the edge area, and the fracture of local struts. However, the overall configuration of this composite lattice sandwich structure is basically intact and it still has a good carrying capacities. The damage function considering various variables of load conditions and structural parameters was discussed. The feasible domain for this structure design was given. These research results can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the designing and safety evaluation of lightweight, explosion protection structure of key equipment components.
- explosion shock protection /
- composite lattice structure /
- progressive damage model /
- dynamic response /
- damage function

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图 1 复合点阵夹芯结构示意图及设计参数

Figure 1. Schematic diagram and design parameters of a composite lattice sandwich structure

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图 2 复合材料金属混杂点阵结构实物图

Figure 2. Composite/metal hybrid lattice structure specimen

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图 3 爆炸实验场地布置

Figure 3. Layout of the explosion experimental site

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图 4 爆炸冲击波超压脉冲曲线

Figure 4. Pressure pulse curves of explosion shock waves

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图 5 复合点阵结构的爆炸冲击响应有限元分析模型

Figure 5. The finite element model for predicting explosion shock response of composite lattice structure

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图 6 复合点阵结构爆炸冲击实验后的样件照片及局部失效情况

Figure 6. Photographs and local failures of composite lattice structure specimens after explosion shock experiments

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图 7 复合点阵夹芯结构爆炸冲击载荷下的位移变化云图

Figure 7. Strain response of composite lattice sandwich structure under explosion shock loadings

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图 8 复合点阵夹芯结构爆炸冲击载荷下的位移变化曲线

Figure 8. Strain response curves of composite lattice sandwich structure under explosion shock loadings

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图 9 复合点阵夹芯结构爆炸冲击载荷下的应力变化规律

Figure 9. Stress response of composite lattice sandwich structure under explosion shock loadings

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图 10 复合点阵夹芯结构上、下面板单个铺层的应力变化规律

Figure 10. Cloud maps of stress distribution between layers of composite lattice structure panels

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图 11 复合点阵夹芯结构爆炸冲击过程中的能量转化关系

Figure 11. Energy absorption curves of composite lattice sandwich structure exposed to explosion loadings

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图 12 复合点阵夹芯结构在爆炸冲击载荷下的失效模式

Figure 12. Failure modes of composite lattice sandwich structure under explosion loadings

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图 13 复合点阵夹芯结构不同载荷条件下的结构响应

Figure 13. Structural responses of composite lattice sandwich structures under different loadings

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图 14 复合点阵结构的二元毁伤函数图像

Figure 14. Damage function related to explosive weight and explosion distance for the composite lattice structure

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表 1 金字塔型芯子代表性单胞主要设计参数

Table 1. Main design parameters of representative structure cell of pyramidal truss core

h/mm	p/mm	t₁/mm	s/mm	t₂/mm	θ/ (°)	h_a/mm	h_b/mm
15	35.75	1.59	8	1.5	45	3	1.5

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表 2 碳/环氧复合材料的基本材料性能参数

Table 2. Mechanical properties of carbon/epoxy composite materials

密度/(kg·m⁻³)	拉压模量/GPa	泊松比	剪切模量/GPa	拉伸强度/MPa	压缩强度/MPa	面内剪切强度/MPa	层间剪切强度/MPa
1600	123 (0°)	0.41 (0°)	4.8	1400 (0°)	850 (0°)	60	16
1600	8.3 (90°)	0.26 (90°)	4.8	18 (90°)	96 (90°)	60	16
注：0°是指力作用在纤维方向；90°是指力作用在垂直纤维方向。

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表 3 爆炸实验载荷工况

Table 3. Loading conditions of explosion experiments

工况	TNT当量/g	爆炸距离/m	比例距离/(m·kg^−1/3)
1	900	1.20	1.24
2	1000	1.86	1.86
3	1500	1.20	1.05
4	3000	1.20	0.83

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表 4 复合点阵夹芯结构不同工况条件下的毁伤情况

Table 4. Damage of composite lattice structures under different loading conditions

芯子构型	爆炸距离L/mm	TNT当量q/g	最大挠度X/mm
金字塔芯子	800	900	16.58
	1 200	900	8.38
		1 500	12.14
		3 000	26.08

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