Damage mitigation effect of polymer sacrificial cladding on reinforced concrete slabs under blast loading
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摘要: 为研究高聚物牺牲包层对钢筋混凝土结构的爆炸毁伤缓解效应，开展了带高聚物牺牲包层钢筋混凝土板的接触爆炸试验，同时设置了普通钢筋混凝土板作为对照组，对比分析了高聚物牺牲包层对钢筋混凝土板毁伤特征的影响。此外，运用AUTODYN软件建立了现场爆炸试验的SPH-FEM耦合模型，通过与试验结果的对比，验证了所建耦合模型的可靠性。在此基础上，通过参数敏感性分析，探究了炸药量和高聚物牺牲包层密度、厚度对带高聚物牺牲包层钢筋混凝土板毁伤特性以及吸能特性的影响。结果表明：接触爆炸下，高聚物牺牲包层能够有效地分散爆炸荷载，缓解爆炸荷载对钢筋混凝土板的冲击作用，具有良好的防护性能；药量在一定范围内增大时，高聚物牺牲包层依然能维持较高的吸能水平，增大包层密度和厚度有利于增强高聚物牺牲包层的吸能特性，包层厚度的变化会造成被保护钢筋混凝土板毁伤模式的改变。Abstract: The blast resistance of sacrificial cladding has been extensively studied in the field of blast protection. As a polymer material with a cellular structure, non-water reactive foaming polyurethane also has the potential to act as a sacrificial cladding due to its good mechanical properties. In order to study the blast damage mitigation effect of polymer sacrificial cladding on reinforced concrete structures, a contact explosion test on the reinforced concrete slab with polymer sacrificial cladding was carried out, while an ordinary reinforced concrete slab was set as the control group, and the effect of polymer sacrificial cladding on the damage characteristics of the reinforced concrete slab was compared and analyzed. In addition, the SPH-FEM (coupled smooth particle hydrodynamics and finite element method) coupling model of the field explosion test was established by using AUTODYN software, and the reliability of the coupling model was verified by comparing with the test results. On this basis, the effects of explosive charge, the density, and the thickness of polymer sacrificial cladding on the damage features and energy absorption characteristics of reinforced concrete slabs with polymer sacrificial cladding were investigated through parametric sensitivity analysis. The results show that the polymer sacrificial cladding can effectively disperse the blast loads and mitigate the impact of the blast loads on the reinforced concrete slab with good protective performance under contact explosions. The polymer sacrificial cladding can maintain a high level of energy absorption even with the explosive charge increased within limits. Increasing the density and thickness of the cladding is beneficial to enhance the energy absorption ability of the polymer sacrificial cladding, while the change in thickness will cause a change in the damage mode of the protected reinforced concrete slab. The research results are helpful in providing a relevant reference for the further research and application of the new non-water reactive foaming polyurethane in the field of blast protection of engineering structures.
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Key words:
- polymer /
- sacrificial cladding /
- reinforced concrete slabs /
- contact explosions /
- damage features
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图 9 药量为50 g时PU-RCS的毁伤模式示意图
Figure 9. Illustration of damage modes of PU-RCS under 50 g explosive
图 10 不同网格尺寸的总能量曲线对比
Figure 10. Comparison of total energy curves for different element sizes
图 11 PU-RCS的数值模拟结果与试验结果对比
Figure 11. Comparison of the simulation and experimental results of PU-RCS
图 12 高聚物牺牲包层的数值模拟结果与试验结果对比
Figure 12. Comparison of the simulation and experimental results of polymer sacrificial cladding
图 13 爆炸粒子与PU-RCS的相互作用过程
Figure 13. Interaction process of explosive particles with PU-RCS
图 14 RCS跨中截面处应力波的传播过程
Figure 14. Stress wave propagation in the mid-span cross-section of RCS
图 15 PU-RCS跨中截面处应力波的传播过程
Figure 15. Stress wave propagation in the mid-span cross-section of PU-RCS
图 16 不同药量下PU-RCS的毁伤结果
Figure 16. Damage results of PU-RCS under different explosive charges
图 17 不同药量下PU-RCS跨中截面处的毁伤结果
Figure 17. Damage results at the mid-span cross-section of PU-RCS under different explosive charges
图 18 跨中位移与炸药量之间的关系
Figure 18. Relationship between the mid-span displacement and explosive charge
图 19 不同药量下PU和RCS的吸能曲线
Figure 19. Energy absorption curves of PU and RCS under different explosive charges
图 20 不同药量下PU和RCS的吸能占比
Figure 20. Energy absorption percentage of PU and RCS under different explosive charges
图 21 不同PU牺牲包层密度下PU-RCS的毁伤结果
Figure 21. Damage results of PU-RCS under different densities of PU sacrificial cladding
图 22 不同PU牺牲包层密度下PU-RCS跨中截面处的毁伤结果
Figure 22. Damage results at the mid-span cross-section of PU-RCS under different densities of PU sacrificial cladding
图 23 跨中位移与PU牺牲包层密度之间的关系
Figure 23. Relationship between the mid-span displacement and the density of PU sacrificial cladding
图 24 不同牺牲包层密度下PU和RCS的吸能曲线
Figure 24. Energy absorption curves of PU and RCS under different densities of PU sacrificial cladding
图 25 不同牺牲包层密度下PU和RCS的吸能占比
Figure 25. Energy absorption percentage of PU and RCS under different densities of PU sacrificial cladding
图 26 不同PU牺牲包层厚度下PU-RCS的毁伤结果
Figure 26. Damage results of PU-RCS under different thicknesses of PU sacrificial cladding
图 27 不同PU牺牲包层厚度下PU-RCS跨中截面处的毁伤结果
Figure 27. Damage results at the mid-span cross-section of PU-RCS under different thicknesses of PU sacrificial cladding
图 28 不同牺牲包层厚度下PU和RCS的吸能曲线
Figure 28. Energy absorption curves of PU and RCS under different thicknesses of PU sacrificial cladding
图 29 不同牺牲包层厚度下PU和RCS的吸能占比
Figure 29. Energy absorption percentage of PU and RCS under different thicknesses of PU sacrificial cladding
表 1 混凝土材料模型主要参数
Table 1. Parameters of the concrete material model
剪切模量G/GPa 体积模量A1/GPa 抗压强度fc/MPa ft/fc fs/fc 失效面常数A 16.7 35.27 40 0.06 0.18 1.6 失效面指数N 残余失效面常数B 残余失效面指数M 损伤常数D1 损伤常数D2 侵蚀应变 0.61 1.6 0.61 0.04 1.0 2.0 
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表 2 钢筋材料模型主要参数
Table 2. Parameters of the reinforcement steel
密度ρ/（g·cm−3） 体积模量K/GPa 剪切模量G/GPa A/MPa B/MPa C m n Troom/K Tmelt/K 7.83 159 81.8 404 232.4 0.014 1.03 0.26 300 1793
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表 3 炸药材料模型主要参数
Table 3. Parameters of the explosive
ρ/（g·cm−3） E/(GJ·m−3) A/GPa B/GPa R1 R2 $\omega $ 1.05 6.0 209.7 3.5 5.76 1.29 0.39
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表 4 高聚物材料模型主要参数
Table 4. Parameters of the polymer material model
密度/（g·cm−3） 屈服强度/MPa 最大拉伸应力/MPa 剪切模量/MPa 杨氏模量/MPa 侵蚀应变 0.2 2.04 1.77 18.7 35.8 0.3
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表 5 试验后试件的毁伤结果
Table 5. Damage resuls of the specimens after the tests
试件 炸药量/g 牺牲包层 板面 损伤区域直径/cm 损伤区最大深度/cm 裂纹数量/条 PU-RCS 50 有 迎爆面 10 <0.5 0 背爆面 13 <0.8 13 RCS 50 无 迎爆面 15 1 0 背爆面 25 4 10
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表 6 模拟结果和试验结果参数对比
Table 6. Parameters comparison of the simulation and experimental results
方法 迎爆面破坏直径/cm 背爆面破坏直径/cm 迎爆面最大毁伤深度/cm 背爆面最大毁伤深度/cm 背爆面裂纹数量 试验 10 13 <0.5 <0.8 13 模拟 10.7 12.5 <0.6 <0.5 16 吻合度 93.46% 96.15% − − 81.25%
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